dinosaurs never existed wiki

Aggiosaurus - a metriorhynchid crocodilian. [86][87]) Stomach contents in some Jehol and Yanliao dinosaurs closely related to birds have also provided indirect indications of diet and digestive system anatomy (e.g., crops). Evidence suggests that all dinosaurs were egg-laying, and that nest-building was a trait shared by many dinosaurs, both avian and non-avian. [69][70] Reference books summarizing the state of dinosaur research, such as David B. Weishampel and colleagues' The Dinosauria, made knowledge more accessible[71] and spurred further interest in dinosaur research. [33][34] Another difficulty of determining distinctly dinosaurian features is that early dinosaurs and other archosaurs from the Late Triassic epoch are often poorly known and were similar in many ways; these animals have sometimes been misidentified in the literature. Using fossil evidence, paleontologists have identified over 900 distinct genera and more than 1,000 different species of non-avian dinosaurs. Elaborate display structures such as horns or crests are common to all dinosaur groups, and some extinct groups developed skeletal modifications such as bony armor and spines. [252] If the former is the case, filaments may have been common in the ornithodiran lineage and evolved before the appearance of dinosaurs themselves. Its anatomy indicated that it was an active predator that was likely warm-blooded, in marked contrast to the then-prevailing image of dinosaurs. It is the largest animal alive today. [193] Trackways have also confirmed parental behavior among ornithopods from the Isle of Skye in northwestern Scotland. Any proper look at the facts will reveal that dinosaurs simply never existed. The nature of the event that caused this mass extinction has been extensively studied since the 1970s, leading to the development of two mechanisms that are thought to have played major roles: an extraterrestrial impact event in the Yucatn Peninsula, along with flood basalt volcanism in India. That is why they indoctrinate the young with love of dinosaurs and books and movies etc. [142] However, as no further evidence of sauropods of this size has been found, and the discoverer, Cope, had made typographic errors before, it is likely to have been an extreme overestimation. In addition, vocal communication in dinosaurs is indicated by the development of advanced hearing in nearly all major groups. This was one of the seminal results that led to the dinosaur renaissance. The terrestrial habitats were occupied by various types of archosauromorphs and therapsids, like cynodonts and rhynchosaurs. [27] Some are herbivorous, others carnivorous, including seed-eaters, fish-eaters, insectivores, and omnivores. Dinosaurs are a hoax - Dinosaurs never existed : r/conspiracy - Reddit Most species create somewhat elaborate nests which can be cups, domes, plates, beds scrapes, mounds, or burrows. Based on the current distribution of fossil evidence, it appears that feathers were an ancestral dinosaurian trait, though one that may have been selectively lost in some species. [150], The largest carnivorous dinosaur was Spinosaurus, reaching a length of 12.6 to 18 meters (41 to 59ft), and weighing 7 to 20.9 metric tons (7.7 to 23.0 short tons). In 2021, the best preserved specimen of a dinosaur's cloacal vent exterior was described for Psittacosaurus, demonstrating lateral swellings similar to crocodylian musk glands used in social displays by both sexes and pigmented regions which could also reflect a signalling function. He published his findings in 1825. The only "evidence" is a tall tale dating back to 1909. [95][96] The extraction of fragmentary DNA has also been reported for both of these fossils,[97] along with a specimen of Hypacrosaurus. For example, the Jurassic dinosaur Stegosaurus had already been extinct for approximately 80 million years before the . Dinosauria itself was re-defined as the last common ancestor of Triceratops horridus, Passer domesticus and Diplodocus carnegii, and all of its descendants, to ensure that sauropods and kin remain included as dinosaurs. Above the CretaceousPaleogene boundary, which has been dated to 66.038 0.025 million years ago,[269] fossils of non-avian dinosaurs disappear abruptly; the absence of dinosaur fossils was historically used to assign rocks to the ensuing Cenozoic. [77][78] Chiefly among these were the rocks that produced the Jehol (Early Cretaceous) and Yanliao (Mid-to-Late Jurassic) biotas of northeastern China, from which hundreds of dinosaur specimens bearing impressions of feather-like structures (both closely related to birds and otherwise, see Origin of birds) have been described by Xing Xu and colleagues. [103][104] The oldest dinosaur fossils known from substantial remains date to the Carnian epoch of the Triassic period and have been found primarily in the Ischigualasto and Santa Maria Formations of Argentina, and the Pebbly Arkose Formation of Zimbabwe. jesus cabrera // 5th May 2016 at 2:57 am // Reply. Its remains were discovered in Tanzania between 1907 and 1912. [98] In 2015, Sergio Bertazzo and colleagues reported the preservation of collagen fibres and red blood cells in eight Cretaceous dinosaur specimens that did not show any signs of exceptional preservation, indicating that soft tissue may be preserved more commonly than previously thought. [154], The smallest dinosaur known is the bee hummingbird,[155] with a length of only 5 centimeters (2.0in) and mass of around 1.8g (0.063oz). [245] Direct fossil evidence of feathers or feather-like structures has been discovered in a diverse array of species in many non-avian dinosaur groups,[70] both among saurischians and ornithischians. ", "How many dinosaur species were there? [24], In 2016, the estimated number of dinosaur species that existed in the Mesozoic was 1,5432,468. Interesting exploration of the idea that Dinosaurs are a fabrication and never really existed. Eric I love your vids man I really enjoy your work. [237] After the work of Gerhard Heilmann in the early 20th century, the theory of birds as dinosaur descendants was abandoned in favor of the idea of them being descendants of generalized thecodonts, with the key piece of evidence being the supposed lack of clavicles in dinosaurs. But they sure did! [185][186], All dinosaurs laid amniotic eggs. Many dinosaurs were quite small, some measuring about 50 centimeters (20 inches) in length. [28] Modern birds inhabit most available habitats, from terrestrial to marine, and there is evidence that some non-avian dinosaurs (such as Microraptor) could fly or at least glide, and others, such as spinosaurids, had semiaquatic habits. [121] Ankylosaurians and ornithopods were also becoming more common, but primitive sauropodomorphs had become extinct. [201] While all modern birds have high metabolisms and are endothermic ("warm-blooded"), a vigorous debate has been ongoing since the 1960s regarding how far back in the dinosaur lineage this trait extended. Rock formations from the Maastrichtian epoch, which directly preceded the extinction, have been found to have lower diversity than the preceding Campanian epoch, which led to the prevailing view of a long-term decline in diversity. These include an elongated scapula, or shoulder blade; a sacrum composed of three or more fused vertebrae (three are found in some other archosaurs, but only two are found in Herrerasaurus);[10] and a perforate acetabulum, or hip socket, with a hole at the center of its inside surface (closed in Saturnalia tupiniquim, for example). [21][22][23] A 1995 study predicted that about 3,400 dinosaur genera ever existed, including many that would not have been preserved in the fossil record. Proof that dinosaurs never existed! - RC Groups but the fact that "dragons" look exactly like a dinosaur there is actually an ancient site I . Various researchers have supported dinosaurs as being endothermic, ectothermic ("cold-blooded"), or somewhere in between. A Complete List of Every Dinosaur - ThoughtCo Certain fundamentalist Christians believe the Earth is ~5,000 years old so dinosaurs never existed (because they couldn't fit on the Ark) and the bones are actually from other, more familiar animals. Dinosaurs are varied from taxonomic, morphological and ecological standpoints. The pitfalls of physiology reconstruction from apatitic fossils", 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0503:PIOATV>2.3.CO;2, "Polar dinosaurs and the question of dinosaur extinction: a brief review", "Evidence for Avian Intrathoracic Air Sacs in a New Predatory Dinosaur from Argentina", 10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0243:VPASAT>2.0.CO;22, "Alltime giants: the largest animals and their problems", "Can birds be ammonotelic? [67] These new localities also led to improvements in overall specimen quality, with new species being increasingly named not on scrappy fossils but on more complete skeletons, sometimes from multiple individuals. [39], Dinosaur fossils have been known for millennia, although their true nature was not recognized. Some were herbivorous, others carnivorous. [235] Later research showed that relative brain size progressively increased during the evolution of theropods, with the highest intelligence comparable to that of modern birds calculated for the troodontid Troodon. Dinosaurs can therefore be divided into avian dinosaursbirdsand the extinct non-avian dinosaurs, which are all dinosaurs other than birds. [222] Such respiratory systems, which may have appeared in the earliest saurischians,[223] would have provided them with more oxygen compared to a mammal of similar size, while also having a larger resting tidal volume and requiring a lower breathing frequency, which would have allowed them to sustain higher activity levels. The large sizes of some dinosaurs, as well as their seemingly monstrous and fantastic nature, have ensured their regular appearance in best-selling books and films, such as Jurassic Park. (4) History "A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution". It's impossible that dinosaurs existed because dinosaurs are too big? Extrapolating from the illustration of this bone, the animal may have been 58 meters (190ft) long and weighed 122400 kg (270000 lb). This was followed by the TriassicJurassic extinction event (about 201million years ago), that saw the end of most of the other groups of early archosaurs, like aetosaurs, ornithosuchids, phytosaurs, and rauisuchians. The creature was named Hadrosaurus foulkii. First, at about 215million years ago, a variety of basal archosauromorphs, including the protorosaurs, became extinct. [319] Meanwhile, detractors point out the sudden nature of the extinction and that other pulses in Deccan Traps activity of comparable magnitude did not appear to have caused extinctions. [320] In 2020, Alfio Chiarenza and colleagues suggested that the Deccan Traps may even have had the opposite effect: they suggested that the long-term warming caused by its carbon dioxide emissions may have dampened the impact winter from the Chicxulub impact. Some other diapsid groups, including crocodilians, dyrosaurs, sebecosuchians, turtles, lizards, snakes, sphenodontians, and choristoderans, also survived the event. Their main competitors were the pseudosuchians, such as aetosaurs, ornithosuchids and rauisuchians, which were more successful than the dinosaurs. While the dinosaurs' modern-day surviving avian lineage (birds) are generally small due to the constraints of flight, many prehistoric dinosaurs (non-avian and avian) were large-bodiedthe largest sauropod dinosaurs are estimated to have reached lengths of 39.7 meters (130 feet) and heights of 18m (59ft) and were the largest land animals of all time. Thread OP. Nitrogen balance and excretion in two frugivores", Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, "The Regulation of Urea-Biosynthesis Enzymes in Vertebrates", "Pellet Regurgitation by Captive Sparrow Hawks (, "Exceptional dinosaur fossils reveal early origin of avian-style digestion", "On the Animals which are most nearly intermediate between Birds and Reptiles", The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, "Birds are Dinosaurs: Simple Answer to a Complex Problem", 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[1187:BADSAT]2.0.CO;2, "A Jurassic ornithischian dinosaur from Siberia with both feathers and scales", 1983/a7ae6dfb-55bf-4ca4-bd8b-a5ea5f323103, "Basal tyrannosauroids from China and evidence for protofeathers in tyrannosauroids", "A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen archipelago", 1983/029c668f-08b9-45f6-a0c5-30ce9256e593, "Evolution of dinosaur epidermal structures", "A new Chinese specimen indicates that 'protofeathers' in the Early Cretaceous theropod dinosaur, "Are Current Critiques Of The Theropod Origin Of Birds Science?

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dinosaurs never existed wiki

dinosaurs never existed wiki