gordon smiley cause of deathbrian perri md wife
Smiley began racing at age 19. The next year, the cars got faster. Anyone can read what you share. Both Kevin Cogan and Rick Mears set new single lap and 4-lap records in their attempts. Smiley told the owner of the car he was driving, Bob . Throughout the years, the sport of auto racing has seen plenty of accidents and fatalities. So just pray for our family.\"A number of Smileys famous friends flooded the comments section of his video with words of support.\"Im so sorry Rickey,\"actress Niecy Nash wrote.\"My heart goes out to you and your family brother,\"comedian Jay Pharoah commented. As he was preparing to leave for the airport, Smiley asked people to pray for him and his family.\"I just want all my cousins and different family members to pray, be strong, and Im OK,\"Smiley said. So do you think that the safety engineering has progressed to such a point that a driver could survive a near head-on impact with a wall at around 200 mph? Gordon 0 references date of birth 20 April 1946 2 references place of birth Omaha 1 reference date of death 15 May 1982 2 references place of death Indianapolis Motor Speedway 0 references manner of death accident 0 references cause of death blast injury 0 references occupation racing driver 0 references racing automobile driver 1 reference sport Just outside the garage, George Bowers, a crew member, tried to keep the fans away. Gordon Eugene Smiley (April 20, 1946 - May 15, 1982) was an American race car driver who was killed in a single-car crash at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. She kept her cheers for the man she met at a party in 1973, and married after a five-year courtship. Driver Sebastian Bourdias had set the 2 fastest laps of Qualifying, and the first 2 laps in the 231 mph range. It's cable reimagined No DVR space limits. Gordon Smiley went on to do his practice laps, and it seemed that the racer was determined to achieve his goal of getting to 200 miles per hour. Ffs only 1 person died. It's all over. May 14, 1982 - Gordon Smiley Talks with Dick Rea the Day Before His Fatal Crash TheClassicSports 4.9K views 1 year ago Gordon Smiley Career Tribute Rhonda Mims-Brown 1.6K views 8 months ago. When Smiley steered right to correct this, the front wheels gained grip suddenly, sending his car directly across the track and into the wall nose first at nearly 200mph (320km/h). Originally posted by Jerome I was suprised when I saw the crash that killed Dale Earnhart. During the event, drivers would drive for four laps, and the average time will be calculated and serve as the qualifying time. DHLTV. Adding to the danger was Thompson's unwillingness to run the car with a full load of gasoline, owing to his search for speed. Smiley talked to his car owner, Bob Fletcher before he strapped into his car. The elder Smiley shared the sad news about his 32-year-old son in a video on his verified . Fletcher warned Smiley that he should seek experience from more experienced, older drivers. INDIANAPOLIS -- She had no one to cheer for, but Barbara Smiley quietly climbed to the stands behind the starting line Sunday to watch the 1982 Indianapolis 500 she had hoped her husband might win. It targeted the healthy.The first time humanity met H1N1, we were far less prepared. Gordon Smiley, Indy 500 qualifying, 1982, Scan this QR code to download the app now. It targeted the healthy. ''If you hit just wrong, I don't care if it's a Sherman tank. In the 1981 Indianapolis 500, Smiley qualified the Patrick Racing Intermedics Wildcat VIII/Cosworth, qualifying 8th and led 1 lap, but finishing 22nd after a crash on lap 141. The cockpit and front wing assembly collapsed on impact, sending Smileys head into the wall. Not long after other drivers had created records with each lap in the first hour of qualifying, Smiley, who was 33 years old, died instantly when his March racer, powered by a Cosworth engine,. Not long after other drivers had created records with each lap in the first hour of qualifying, Smiley, who was 33 years old, died instantly when his March racer, powered by a Cosworth engine, lost control during a second warm-up lap as it came out of a turn at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. 6. Numerous independent sources who DID know Smiley suggest that he was an overly aggressive driver who was not particularly alive to the dangers of the Brickyard. Smiley became the 62d person, and the 38th driver, to die since the Indianapolis Motor Speedway opened in 1909. Not a good thing for a rookie to be doing.Was Mickey Thompson to blame for the deaths of McDonald and Sachs? Smiley's team-mate Desir Wilson was in the pit garage when the remains of his car were brought back. Mears went even faster on his next two laps. Is the true account (of it's different) too morbid? As JY suggested in a PM to me, an Indy car was perhaps too much for someone of his experience. 1BN. 16 anni fa. \"My son Brandon Smiley has passed away this morning.\"Smiley did not specify his son's cause of death nor give his age. Smiley told the owner of the car he was driving, Bob Fletcher, that he was going to try and go for 200 miles per hour "or die trying," per Car Throttle. 'There was only one person I ever rooted for,' she said as she perched on a hard metal chair in the shady hospitality tent of Intermedics, Smiley's sponsor. Barbara Smiley knew the risks she faced, and she gave them sober thought. He was shocked to find Smileys helmet had been sent off his head, taking the top of his skull with it. ''If that car goes over a bump, or if the attitude changes just a little bit, you're not steering.'' I waited for several seconds. That was just before Smiley's run. ''I think the cars are safe, until you hit wrong,'' A.J. Actor and comedian Rickey Smiley is mourning the death of his son Brandon Smiley.Smiley, who starred on \"The Rickey Smiley Show\"from 2012-2014, took to Instagram on Sunday to share he had some\"bad news\"to deliver to his followers.In a touching video Rickey said \"I hate to announce this, but I just want to give it to you before you hear it in the streets,\"Smiley said. The Spanish Flu killed over 3% of the world's population in 1918. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. People crashed, people survived. Originally posted by Flat Black As for Thompson's machine, my research has indicated, without counterargument (until you showed up), that the car was fundamentally dangerous. I assume Smileys autospy would have checked for substances anyway? She watched the race Sunday, but not to applaud. The disease turns the immune system against vital organs, so those with the strongest immune systems were more likely to die. This brought back many memories for Fletcher, who owned the car that Art Pollard died in during the 1973 race. ''Not good,'' said a woman standing close to Mrs. Smiley. Smiley, a 33-year-old native of . They told the media changes were being made, but nothing was done to the cars. Renna's car went through the fence and bounced off the front of the grandstand. January 24, 1986 LINCOLN, Neb. '', Bob Fletcher, the owner of the car Smiley drove, said: ''The ground-effects cars, when they start to jump out, they lose the ground effects. range to approximately 185. Several veteran drivershad warned him that he was in way over his head, driving all wrong for the Speedway. The material on the race track was most of his brain. CNN . That must have been prior to the accident.'. Meanwhile, after someone else had dialed long distance to Omaha, Barbara Smiley took the telephone and told her mother-in-law, Elaine Smiley, of the death of her son. ''The only thing that bothers me, just a little bit, is the ground effects,'' he said. ''It was very similar, they tell me, to the accident Ongais had,'' Fletcher said. The spasmodic movements ceased. Gordon Smiley was inducted into the Nebraska Auto Racing Hall of Fame in 2000 (via NARHOF). Before the attempt, drivers must warm up their cars. Perhaps someone more knowledgeable on ground effects can explain why once that car turn to towards the wall there was little physically he could to change its direction again because of the tremendous downforce.Ironically while watching a Formula Atlantic race at Road America he had a similar accident where he used the same manuever but it was at a much lower speed. This car was the fastest car in the State of Indiana, until Turn 2 on Lap 3 of Saturday qualifying. Dead frozen bodies act as waypoints up Mt. Community Forum Software by IP.Board, This is not recommended for shared computers. Registrati. An accident had not killed a driver here since 1973, when Art Pollard died on the first day of qualifications and Swede Savage died of injuries sustained in an accident during the race. Oddly, Smiley's death was a relative outlier at the speedway at the time. The Spanish Flu killed over 3% of the world's population in 1918. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. See the article in its original context from. An atomic bomb was accidentally dropped on North Carolina. Officials rushed to Smileys car, but none could find his body. In the second row were Mario Andretti, Gordon Johncock and Bill Whittington. Originally posted by brandspro Drawing on the above mentioned Nelson Piquet shunt and the head-on shunt that Mark Blundell walked away from - on broken ankles - in Rio, I'm inclined to say the chances of surviving that exact incident would be quite good. They stood all around, looking over his shoulders, trying to peek inside. Dr. Steve Olvey is a very well respected, etc., etc. [], It was at that point that I called out again and, once more, without any spasm, slowly, the eyelids lifted and undeniably living eyes fixed themselves on mine with perhaps even more penetration than the first time. Federico Borrell Garca, a Republican Iberian Federation of Libertarian Youth soldier, taken by legendary war photographer Robert Capa at the moment of his death in 1936 during the Spanish Civil War. Even more so than a typical Indy Car of the time. Smiley's wife, Barbara, was standing in the pit area, as usual, as her husband's qualifying run began. Her nails were found bloodied, and her face contorted in anguish. Today, Kevin Cogan, the first driver on the track, broke the one-lap record on his second time around, and the four-lap record on his complete 10-mile run. '', Fletcher said that the crash was not the result of a mechanical failure. Gordon's death would obviously be considered "unnatural" and although this was 1982 . Before the attempt, drivers must warm up their cars. Near 1981 Crash Site. Her gravesite was quickly uncovered. This article wasnt meant to scare Formula 1 fans who are just tuning into IndyCar because of Alonso into thinking Indy is a death trap. It caused a circus[why?] Brandon Smiley Last Emotional video Before Death _ Comedian Rickey smiley Son Br. It was very ugly. The March 81c Chassis wrapped itself in the catchfencing, spinning wreckage wildly across the track. One car racer who lost his life to the sport of racing was Gordon Smiley. Edwin Shafer, director of development and public relations at the hospital, said MacRae died at 2:15 a.m. at Bryan Memorial Hospital. When they do, it's like an unguided missile. Archived post. He had several fractures to his pelvis and a fractured right hip. In 1920 a scientist successfully conditioned a child to have a severe and permanent phobia of fluffy objectsJohn B. Watson was fired not long after his unethical experiment, and the anonymous subject, "Little Albert" was never deconditioned.6. No, of course not. The. https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/16/sports/gordon-smiley-a-driver-killed-at-indy.html. Originally posted by Old_school As for the autopsy i doubt there would have been one. He was countersteering a slide in turn 3 and put the car head on into. Several veteran drivers had warned him that he was in way over his head, driving all wrong for the Speedway. You talk from experience that won't be found with many other posters here.henri. \"My condolences.\"\"Oh no! Gordon was a VERY aggressive driver, fearless beyond reason IMO. I think some of the current IRL drivers feel that way about Milka Duno too.One of the first people ABC-TV interviewed was Johnny Rutherford and he was visible shaken. Gordon Smiley was racing even then, although it was sports car driving, not champ cars. Originally posted by Flat Black Specifics? But as designs have been more successful, a new danger has apparently developed when the areodynamic improvements fail. Dramas Motion. WARNING: GRAPHIC WRITING AHEAD, IF FAINT OF HEART, SCROLL PAST TO THE NEXT SECTION OF BOLD TEXT. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Gordon Smiley fatal Indy 500 Crash @ Indianapolis 1982 andromeda78f 349 subscribers Subscribe 2.6K Save 354K views 14 years ago Notice Age-restricted video (based on Community Guidelines). In 1961, a B52 crashed near Goldsboro, NC. Originally posted by Jim Thurman Missing the point David. 2. A bomb disposal expert Lt. Jack Revelle, in 2011 admitted that "we came damn close" to a nuclear detonation that would have completely ruined the eastern half of NC. Originally posted by Flat Black Numerous independent sources who DID know Smiley suggest that he was an overly aggressive driver who was not particularly alive to the dangers of the Brickyard. I rode to the care center with the body. Accedi. She's been with racing people most of the time since Gordon Smiley died 15 days ago when his car hit the wall in turn three and disintegrated during the first day of time trials, as he tried to get up to 200 mph. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. You currently have javascript disabled. There was a spectator death in 1987 from an errant tire though. Smiley's death follows by just one week a fatality in a qualifying run at the Grand Prix of Belgium. 7 Nearly-Extinct Animals and the Wine That Pairs Best With Them, 5 Haunting Images You Wont Be Able To Shake, Kid Wearing A 'Sons of Anarchy' Vest Gets Berated By Real Biker, Remember When that Douchebag Drop Kicked Arnold Schwarzenegger At Event in South Africa, 29 Darn Fine Memes That Arrived in the Nick of Time, 32 Expensive Fails That Ruined Someone's Day, 29 Awesome Randoms For Your Ocular Enjoyment, Monday Morning Randomness: 63 Pics, Memes, and Everything in Between. Guarda Gordon Smiley fatal accident at the 198 - dream81 su Dailymotion. IndyCar and Open Wheel racing is safer than ever, and I encourage you to enjoy Sundays Indianapolis 500. In 1982, Racer Gordon Smiley was killed after reaching his stated goal of 200 mph straight into a wall. The back end stepped out, Bourdias corrected, and the car went straight into the wall at 230 mph. Gordon smiley wife Barbara Hill (Smiley) VIEW PROFILE Deceased Classmate: Barbara Hill (Smiley) Date Of Birth: July-29-1944 Date Deceased: Sept-15-1987 Age at Death: 43 Cause of Death: Cancer Classmate City: Grapevine Classmate State: TX Classmate Country: USA Was a Veteran: No Survived By: Sister: The ugliest racing accident ever filmed and photographed.But not what the legacy of Gordon Smiley should ever stand for.If you take the time to research Gordon Smiley ,you find a man who simply wanted to be the best driver in the best sport - Formula One- at the time.Gordon never got the breaks-in fact-while trying for Formula One he ran into some really evil people and had to come back to Indycar to try and restart his Formula One career try.I detail just what happened and the stupendous forces that tore his car apart and threw him against a fence going over one hundred and sixty miles per hour. As JY suggested in a PM to me, an Indy car was perhaps too much for someone of his experience. But not what the legacy of Gordon Smiley. Many credited the tracks safety, specifically the SAFER barrier that is installed all around the track, and the safety of the DW12 generation of IndyCar. Originally posted by David M. Kane Perhaps someone more knowledgeable on ground effects can explain why once that car turn to towards the wall there was little physically he could to change its direction again because of the tremendous downforce. On May 15th, 1982, a cocky young driver named Gordon Smiley went out to qualify for the 1982 Indianapolis 500. 1. Dead frozen bodies act as waypoints up Mt. Marcelo died from severe head and chest injuries, Bock said through a spokesman. Several veteran drivershad warned him that he was in way over his head, driving all wrong for the Speedway. A memorial service for Smiley, who raced out of Grapevine, Tex., will be held at 7 P.M. Sunday in Indianapolis. Gordon Smiley was killed early this afternoon when his race car veered directly into the wall during a practice lap before an attempt to qualify for the May 30 Indianapolis 500. CART and the Indy Race League was forced to do something. 108302-mainComedian Rickey Smiley reveals his eldest son Brandon has passed away at. In 1982, Racer Gordon Smiley was killed after reaching his stated goal of 200 mph straight into a wall.Medical Director Steve Olvey described the brutal and disturbing scene. Lobotomies were often successful in diminishing the effects of mental disorders, but at the cost of a patient's personality and intelligence. 35 Years ago, Gordon Smiley witnessed a similar crash, but with different, and more horrific, results. Im so sorry for your loss,\"Xscape singer Kandi Burruss wrote. It was the first since Savage/Pollard in 1973, and there wouldn't be another until Jovy Marcelo in 1992. Before the attempt, drivers must warm up their cars. I think some of the current IRL drivers feel that way about Milka Duno too.One of the first people ABC-TV interviewed was Johnny Rutherford and he was visible shaken. On May 15, 1982, Gordon Smiley got ready for the qualifiers for the Indy 500. Smiley went out for a qualifying attempt an hour later. Guarda a tutto schermo. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. But his decisions and his engineering were factors. Gordon Smiley (April 20 1946 - May 15 1982) was an American race car driver. Smiley hit the wall at an estimated 185 mph. Originally posted by Flat Black One thing to keep in mind: Gordon was doing around 200 mph on impact. Smiley raced in the Indianapolis 500 twice, in 1980 and 1981, and was killed while trying to qualify for a third in 1982. He raced SCCA Formula Ford, Formula Atlantic, Formula 1000, Can-Am, Formula 5000 and Formula Super Vee, winning in each series while setting 25 track records, winning the SCCA Midwest Divisional Championship four times. In Turn 2, on his 3rd lap, something went wrong. In all, the one-lap record was broken five times, and the four-lap record twice, in the first 12 minutes of qualifying. Gordon Smiley during the 1982 Indy 500 qualifying was determined to get to 200 mph. On Sunday, Fernando Alonso will be running in the Indianapolis 500. On May 15th, 1982, a cocky young driver named Gordon Smiley went out to qualify for the 1982 Indianapolis 500. In 1961, a B52 crashed near Goldsboro, NC. Originally posted by David M. Kane Yes Fines I'm curious too. Even more so than a typical Indy Car of the time. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Eventually, Gordon Smiley made his way to compete at the Indianapolis 500, one of the most prestigious car races that draws hundreds of thousands of people in Indiana (via Britannica). So he was cocky, BIG DEAL! There are a few threads on TrackForum discussing the accident, although it seems like nobody in the know wants to share . She was afraid she'd fall apart in a crisis and be a burden to those around her. "[5], Olvey later said in his book that in the aftermath of the wreck, he and the IndyCar paramedic team declared Smiley to have died at the scene. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. No hidden fees. I wont share any pictures or videos of the accident, as they are extremely, extremely graphic but are readily available online, which can be searched outside of this article. Add it all up, and McDonald was driving un unguided missile around the speedway. During the event, drivers would drive for four laps, and the average time will be calculated and serve as the qualifying time. So it was the only driver death in a 19 year span at the speedway. Into the 1950's, it was common practice to sever pieces of patients 's brains to "cure" mental illness.Lobotomies were often successful in diminishing the effects of mental disorders, but at the cost of a patient's personality and intelligence.8. Inside The Tragic Death Of Race Car Driver Gordon Smiley. He began having nightmares, haunted by the vision of Lazier's race car. When Greg Moore was killed at Fontana in 1999, it was put into millions of living rooms across the world. A life-sized monument to her remains to this day. When I reached the car, I was shocked to see that Smiley's helmet was gone, along with the top of his skull. Open-Wheel racing was under fire. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. He also disputed the F1 non-championship 1979 Race of Champions in Brands Hatch, finishing 10th with a Tyrrell. Her gravesite was quickly uncovered. This brings us to today. Cookie Notice Originally posted by Henri Greuter Your last remark makes every post you make on this subject more than welcome and respected. Last sunset 9/10/2001 - Twin Towers. Gordon Eugene Smiley (April 20, 1946 May 15, 1982) was an American race car driver who was killed in a single-car crash at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Smiley seemed to push the advice off. Privacy Policy. Originally posted by Twin Window When word got through to Autosport it was mentioned that Gordon had been taken to one side by, IIRC, Al Unser who'd advised him to be less aggressive in the turns save he caused himself some problems as apparently, we were told, Gordon was getting the tail out on a regular basis. The car turned to the right, directly into the wall. But by race day, she had been at the track long enough. [2][3], After the 1981 CART season ended, Smiley was released from Patrick Racing, but was essentially traded to a Patrick-affiliated ride, Fletcher Racing.[4]. [1] He was inducted into the Nebraska Auto Racing Hall of Fame in 2000. Gordon Smiley's fatal accident Shutterstock On May 15, 1982, Gordon Smiley got ready for the qualifiers for the Indy 500. During the third turn on the oval, however, Smiley's car started to move slightly to the right and it was evident that he tried to correct (as he was advised not to do) per The New York Times. Contents 1 SCCA and Road Racing Career 2 Indy career 3 Indy 500 results 4 See also 5 References This content was originally posted by a Car Throttle user on our Community platform and was not commissioned or created by the CT editorial team. ''I'm sorry.'' Octavia was bitten by a tstete fly and presumed dead. Privacy Policy. Please confirm you agree to the use of tracking cookies as outlined in the Cookies Policy. Medical Director Steve Olvey described the brutal and disturbing scene. Jim Clark thought so. ''In turn 3, especially, I got the car sideways a little bit,'' Mears said. On May 15, 1982, Gordon Smiley got ready for the qualifiers for the Indy 500. Today, after Smiley had died, the three remaining pieces of the car were brought back to the garage in three tow trucks. John B. Watson was fired not long after his unethical experiment, and the anonymous subject, "Little Albert" was never deconditioned. 1:01. His race ended when the turbocharger blew on lap 47, causing him to finish 25th. He was only 36 years old when he died, and was the 38th race car driver who lost his life at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway since 1909. All rights reserved. Smiley, 54, elaborated on the "bad news" in an emotional video showing him in Dallas as he readied to catch a flight to his hometown of Birmingham, Ala., after learning of his son's death . He quit after 16 years at IMS, including 13 years on the safety crew, and he was traumatized by the near-death experience. But with possible life threatening injuries. On the NBC morning news program, the comedian said though the toxicology report. Nothing is said much of his fatal accident, other than the car broke apart and he suffered massive head and chest trauma. Everest 4. As for Thompson's machine, my research has indicated, without counterargument (until you showed up), that the car was fundamentally dangerous. The principal aim of an autopsy is to determine the factors that contributed to the individual's death.There would obviously be an external examination, in this case the external examination would be sufficient in basing a conclusion as to the cause of death. There was nothing else except shattered bits, a bit of gearbox, a bit of a wheel, not even a seat. Adding to the danger was Thompson's unwillingness to run the car with a full load of gasoline, owing to his search for speed. Can anyone else spot it? He was killed instantly. Bourdias was unable to get out of the car, but he was alive. The car flipped over, caught on fire, and slide to a stop on the backstraightaway. Comedian Rickey Smiley announced the death of his oldest son, Brandon Smiley, on Sunday. Medical personnel quickly went to Gordon's aid, but he died on impact due to massive head injuries. Originally posted by Old_school having read Steve Olvey's book i'm still somewhat stumped when he states: "Several veteran drivershad warned him that he was in way over his head, driving all wrong for the Speedway." 'I think all racing wives have to thinkahead about this sort of thing. He was legendary crazy/aggressive BUT very FAST just Jody and Clay when they were young.Fines have you read the link in Hugewally's post? On the way in I performed a cursory examination and realized that nearly every bone in his body was shattered. Several functions may not work. Smiley went out for his 4 Lap qualifying run, the average of which would serve as his qualifying time. I rode to the care center with the body. No, of course not. The race and Qualifying went on, but media outrage was swift. During an attempt to qualify for the Indy 500, Gordon Smiley, a cocky young driver from Texas, was determined to break 200mph or die trying. There is a glaring error in the post fines is referring to. Originally posted by Cirrus I think that it's likely that, even if it were possible to make a survival cell that could withstand that sort of impact, the internal organs of the human body probably couldn't.I seem to recall Buford saying in an earlier thread, that Gordon Smiley's body was lying on the track, looking completely unharmed after the accident. During the event, drivers would drive for four laps, and the average time will be calculated and serve as the qualifying time. 1M views 16 years ago Gordon Smiley is killed in a practice crash during the qualifyings warmup lap for the Indy 500 1982. However, USAC did not bow to the media. The difference between the two crashes was that Ongais hit the wall at a slight angle with the left front of his car. This rate, according to the Florida Health Charts statistics, has increased twenty percent in 2021 from 2019. 5. ''See any problem in taking pictures?'' New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Lone Star JR thought so. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. When Smiley first shared the news in January, he did not specify his son's cause of death nor give his age. Brandon Smiley death- Rickey Smiley's Son, Brandon Passed Away_2. In 1982, record speeds were being set during qualification for the 1982 Indianapolis 500. Home, where she'll make the hard decisions about whether to sell her house, where to find a job, what to do with a life that no longer includes Gordon Smiley. His car hit the wall, flew into the air and burst into flames. When Fletcher first brought a car to Indianapolis, Pollard was his driver and he died on the first qualifying day.
gordon smiley cause of death