1932 german presidential election

Five years after the war ended, it took 4.2 trillion German marks to equal the value of one American dollar. In the second round, the candidate receiving a plurality of votes would be elected. The expectations of the Communists presenting "the only left candidate" were not fulfilled, nevertheless they continued their fight against the policies of the Social Democrats and nominated Thlmann for the second round on April 10. Moreover, Hitler won more seats in 1932 (in either election) than any prior party had. WebWhat were the results of the presidential election of 1932? Hindenburg, Hitler, and Thlmann competed in the second round, after Dusterberg had resigned. The election campaign took place under violent circumstances, as Papen lifted the token ban on the SA, the Nazi paramilitary, which Brning had put in place during the last days of his administration. In March 1932, the presidential elections began as a three-way race between the incumbent Hindenburg, supported by pro-democratic parties, against Hitler on the one hand and the Communist Ernst Thlmann on the other. Crowds come out to cast their ballots in the first round of the presidential election. Results of the second round of the 1932 German presidential election by administrative district (Kreis), indicating the most popular candidate. However, the prospect of Adolf Hitler being elected President of Germany persuaded the reluctant incumbent to seek a second term. Critical Thinking Questions What can artifacts such as this one tell us about life in Germany before the Nazi rise to power? For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions A crowd of supporters swarm around Hitler's car. Von Papen resigned on November 17th 1932. As a result of the election, President Paul von Hindenburg was reflected for another term of seven years beginning May 5. Independent incumbent Paul von Hindenburg won a second seven-year term against publication of the American Political Science Association (APSA). All other parties combined held less than half the seats in the Reichstag, meaning no majority coalition government could be formed without including at least one of these two parties. Results and seat distribution by electoral constituency. Hitler's paramilitary "Brownshirts" sit down with a farmer and his wife and try to persuade them to vote Nazi. Papen called an election in November after a vote of no confidence. Vllcischer Beobachter, April 5, 1932, p. 2Google Scholar. internationally. 16 See Lewinsohn, Richard, Das Geld in der Politik (S. Fischer, 1931), pp. Original file (SVG file, nominally 726 572 pixels, file size: 3.64 MB). Indeed, leftist splinter parties such as the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany and the Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund organization declared their support, as did intellectuals like Carl von Ossietzky. The Nazis put Hitler on the ballot paper to stand against Hindenburg. This reduced their votes from 230 - 196 votes.. Never enthusiastic about the presidency (or public office in general), Hindenburg had planned to stand down after his first term. English: Results of the second round of the 1932 election of the German Reich President, Saving the farmer means saving the German nation; 4. President Hindenburg stood for election in 1932 against a backdrop of economic crisis and rising political tensions. Germany's Communist Party, the KPD, deck out their campaign office with signs warning of the dangers of voting for Hitler. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. DNVP and Stahlhelm abstained from making any recommendations, while the Agricultural League and the industrialist Fritz Thyssen declared themselves in favour of Hitler. He then made a common cause with Hitler, persuading President Hindenburg to appoint Hitler chancellor and himself vice-chancellor. 14 According to the financial report of the Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund for the year 1930, the total income of all the affiliated trade unions amounted to 29,795,653.97 marks, of which 20,739,629.41 marks were derived from dues. The men choosing Hitler are prominent Down with Bolshevism; 5. Business must serve the people; 6. He wanted the chancellorship for himself. Although Hitler lost the presidential election of 1932, he achieved his goals, when he was appointed chancellor on 30 January 1933. Render date: 2023-04-29T20:35:26.918Z On May 29 he dismissed his intercessor Chancellor Brning and appointed Franz von Papen, a declared anti-democrat, his successor. Independent candidate Crown Prince Wilhelm von Hohenzollern won against Social Democrat Otto Braun. The Nazis made a mistake of marching with the Communists to support transport workers, thus alienating a lot of middle class voters. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=German_presidential_election,_1932&oldid=3667221, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. When after World War II the modern office of German Federal President was established in 1949, following the restoration of democracy in West Germany, it was decided that the president would be chosen indirectly by means of a Federal Convention consisting of parliamentarians and state delegates. That inevitably led to clashes with the Communist paramilitary. 3 As disclosed in an article by Mller, Johannes, Protestant pastor in Leipzig, entitled, Die Evangelischen und der Staat, Frankfurter Zeitung, April 8, 1932Google Scholar. This page was last edited on 4 April 2023, at 00:08. society for individuals engaged in the study of politics and government. In February 1933, Hitler blamed a devastating Reichstag fire on the communists (its true cause remains a mystery) and convinced President Hindenburg to sign a decree suspending individual and civil liberties, a decree Hitler used to silence his political enemies with false arrests. If no candidate received a majority, then a second round would be held. But that was not enough for Hitler either. 17 Frankfurter Zeitung, April 12, 1932, p. 2Google Scholar. Clever Lili is here to help you ace your exams. 7 Jahrbuch der Berufsverbnde im Deutschen Reiche (1930), p. 43Google Scholar. Communist Party (KPD) leader Ernst Thlmann also ran and received more than five percent of the vote in the runoff. There were actually five major elections in 1932. Federal elections were held in Germany on 31 July 1932, following the premature dissolution of the Reichstag. The Communist Party increased their vote share as well. WebIn the 1932 presidential election campaign, Germanys establishment parties, including the leftist Social Democrats and several centrist parties, supported Paul von Hindenburg Hitler succeeded Hindenburg as head of state upon his death in 1934, whereafter he abolished the office entirely, and replaced it with the new position of Fhrer und Reichskanzler ("Leader and Reich Chancellor"), cementing his rule. WebThe 1932 German presidential elections were held on 13 March (first round) and 10 April (second round run-off). 1932 German presidential election by District (1st round) - Simple.svg, 1932 German presidential election by District (1st round).svg, 1932 German presidential election by District (2nd round) - Simple.svg, 1932 German presidential election by District (2nd round).svg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12940, Ernst Thlmann.jpg, Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-P046284, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Werbung "Stahlhelm".jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-03161A, Berlin, Propaganda zur Reichsprsidentenwahl.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13203A, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Wahlwerbung.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13229, Heinrich Brning.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13236, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Werbeauto.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1972-033-19, Reichsprsidentenwahl.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13174, Berlin, Wahlplakat am Columbiahaus.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13221, Berlin, Brandenburger Tor, Wahlplakat.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13237, Berlin, Reichsprsidentenwahl, Werbeauto.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13239, Heinrich Brning.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13240, Otto Meiner.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13241, Berlin, Kranker auf dem Weg zur Wahl.jpg, Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1984-0723-502, 1. After this look at the Hitler election of 1932, check out these pictures of the Nazi propaganda machine and life in Nazi Germany. May Brning resigned as Chancellor. Two men put up a poster calling on people to vote for Hitler in the presidential election. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Current one is: August 19. Mrz, 1932, report published by the minister of the Department of the Interior. He therefore arranged the formation of a "Hindenburg committee" chaired by the Berlin mayor Heinrich Sahm, publishing a declaration of support to Hindenburg as the candidate of national unity and German Volksgemeinschaft. This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. The authority of leadership Boston House, Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! news media, and private enterprise. President Hindenburg stood for election in 1932 against a backdrop of economic crisis and rising political tensions. While it's easy to forget or misunderstand this, during the 1932 federal elections, nearly 14 million Germans voted for Hitler, the Nazis, and fascism. The second regular presidential election held in Germany since the adoption of the present constitution was completed on April 10, following the failure of each of the five candidates to poll a majority of the popular votes at the first election on March 13. For a complete list, see Handbuch der Weltpresse (Carl Duncker, 1931)Google Scholar. Mnchner Stadtmuseum, Munich, Germany 2014.jpg, Nazi Party (NSDAP) election poster Germany 1932. Neither the Nazi Party nor Hindenburg had a governing majority, and the other parties refused to co-operate, meaning no coalition government with a majority could be formed. outside academe in government, research, organizations, consulting firms, the With so much debt to pay off, German money became practically worthless. 52121Google Scholar. [3] Papen's minority government continued in office, leading to another early election in November. personnel items of the profession as had its predecessor, chap., p. 4Google Scholar. The federal election and Hitler's shot at becoming chancellor was just around the corner. The Nazi Party fed upon this desperation. Has data issue: false Chancellor Heinrich Brning steps out of the polling station after casting his vote against Hitler. Papen's cabinet had almost no support in the Reichstag. All Rights Reserved. WebHis party won the most seats, and the governor-general appointed him PM, so it's fair to say he won. [2] In March 1930, the governing grand coalition of the pro-republican partiesthe Social Democratic Party (SPD), the Centre Party and both liberal partiescollapsed. By the 1930s, the skilled propaganda campaigns of the Nazi Party had transformed Adolf Hitler from a little known extremist to a leading candidate for President. Led by Hitler, who exercised sole control over its policy and direction, its ideology combined extreme hostility towards the Weimar Republic with fervent antisemitism and German nationalism. April 1932: Hindenburg, 19 million votes (53%); Hitler, 13 million votes (36%); Thlmann, 4 million votes (11%). Changing the day will navigate the page to that given day in history. The Nazi Party succeeded by played into the country's worries. The Nazi Party lost the presidential election, but they didn't give up. WebNovember 1932 Election. By July 31, 1932, the people were angry. What questions does this photo raise for you? In the first round on March 13 no candidate obtained an absolute majority of the votes cast, though Hindenburg with 49.6% failed only by a narrow margin. The liberal German People's Party and the German State Party also declared their support. Last chance to attend a Grade Booster cinema workshop before the exams. Although Hindenburg was re-elected, Hitler saw his vote share increase by 6%, proving that the Nazi party was growing its support quickly. Those close to the president wanted a cozier relationship to Hitler and the Nazis. The results of the two rounds were: March 1932: Hindenburg, 18 million votes (49.6%); Hitler, 11 million votes (30%); Thlmann, 5 million votes (14%). A plebiscite vote was held on August 19. President Hindenburg stood for election in 1932 against a backdrop of economic crisis and rising political tensions. The Nazis put Hitler on the ballot paper to stand against Hindenburg. In the first round of voting Hindenburg achieved 49.6% of the votes - just short of the required 50% to be determined the winner (Hitler won 30%). Gesetz ber die Wahl des Reichsprsidenten, March 6, 1924, par. The Nazis put Hitler on the ballot paper to stand against Hindenburg. The Nazis were angrier and more militant than any other party out there and as life got harder, that started to appeal to the Germans. This page was last edited on 24 January 2022, at 00:11. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. So, the election was repeated, and the Nazis redoubled their efforts to win. 12 Hitler became a German citizen shortly before the election by becoming an official of the government of the state of Braunschweig, one of the seventeen German Lnder. 214 High Street, Behind him, a man holds up a poster with Hitler's face. The business organizations, such as the Reichsverband der Deutschen Industrie, took no official position in either election. science and contains an extensive book review section of the A party was permitted to nominate an alternative candidate in the second round, but in 1932 this did not occur (unlike 1925). Slowly, the fascist, racist Nazi Party seemed, to some people, like a solution to the country's problems. hasContentIssue false, Copyright American Political Science Association 1932, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. The last election had been held in 1925. 23 This conclusion is well elaborated in an article by Zehrer, Hans, Die Frhjahrs offensive, in Die Tat, April, 1932, pp. Then, in 1924, a war profiteering and corruption scandal in the German government between former Chancellor Gustav Bauer and the Jewish Barmat brothers merchants brought on a whole new wave of anti-Semitism and distrust in the government. WebUnused ballot distributed for the first round of the 1932 Presidential election in Germany held March 12. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. President Hindenburg stood for election in 1932 against a backdrop of economic crisis and rising political tensions. I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: 1932 German presidential election by District (2nd round).svg, (SVG file, nominally 726 572 pixels, file size: 3.64 MB), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0, Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International, User:Magog the Ogre/Political maps/2022 December 1-10, User:Magog the Ogre/Political maps/2022 December 11-20, User:Magog the Ogre/Political maps/2022 May 11-20, User:Magog the Ogre/Political maps/2022 May 21-31, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Erinthecute, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:1932_German_presidential_election_by_District_(2nd_round).svg&oldid=746767454, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Fixed borders in the Dsseldorf Regierungsbezirk. Hitler and his Sturmabteilung paramilitary group lead a massive rally of supporters. Hindenburg got 18,651,497 votes or 49%. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. LS23 6AD The Nazis put Hitler on the ballot paper to Und tut ihr es nicht aus Liebe, so tut es aus Hass. Leading editorial, Von Ebertzu Hitler? in the principal organ of the Social Democratic party, Vorwrts, February 28, 1932. Only three days after his appointment, he was faced with such opposition that he had Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag and call new elections for 31 July so that the Reichstag could not dismiss him immediately.[3]. All of these companies are now members of a central organization really under the control of the Post Office Department, which holds 51 per cent of the stock of the central organization, which in turn controls 55.1 per cent of the capital of the member companies. WebResults of the first round of the 1932 German presidential election by administrative district (Kreis), indicating the most popular candidate. This was the second and final direct election to the office of President of the Reich (Reichsprsident), Germany's head of state under the Weimar Republic. The incumbent President, Paul von Hindenburg, first elected in 1925, was re-elected to a second seven-year term of office. Wahlgang der Reichsprsidentenwahl.jpg, Reichsprsidentenwahl 1932 - 1. Papens policies failed on another front: His authoritarian rule alienated his supporters, and he too was forced to resign. Voters cast their ballots at Potsdamer Platz, where a sign asking people to vote for Hitler hangs above the entrance. However, in 1932, this part of the political spectrum decided to unite with the moderate right in supporting Hindenburg to prevent Hitler's election. This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. The "Brownshirts" throw a parade, making a show of force to intimidate and sway voters toward Hitler. Although the Weimar Constitution had provided for a semi-presidential republic, structural weaknesses and political polarization had resulted in a paralyzed Reichstag and this combined with the Great Depression resulted in a government that had governed exclusively via presidential decrees since March 1930, giving the President much power. Backed by the Communist International, it was hoped that he would gain support from left-wing Social Democrats disgusted by Hindenburg's character. The American Political Science Review (APSR) is the longest running Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. A man steps out of the polling station, having cast his vote. It took a fire in the Reichstag, the death of a president, and a night of executions to make the Nazis' power absolute but that power originated with the will of the people. Political parties set up shop outside of a restaurant, trying to sway the customers' votes. There were two presidential elections; there were two national elections; and there was a big Prussian ; seconde lection au suffrage universel direct du prsident du Reich; Wahl in derWeimarer Republik; ; German presidential election, 1932; Reichsprsidentenwahl von 1932; 1932.; 1932.. In 1932, German President Paul von Hindenburg, old, tired, and a bit senile, had won re-election as president but had lost a considerable portion of his right/conservative support to the Nazi Party. The Democratic Parties, united under a single banner, drive through the streets of Germany trying to rally the people to keep the fascists and the communists out. The following 38 files are in this category, out of 38 total. 4 Unemployment figures for March 31, 1932, were 6,031,000, of which 1,579,000 received regular unemployment insurance, 1,744,000 emergency aid. The NSDAP, whose members were known as "Nazis", had risen from being a fringe group to the second-largest party in the Reichstag. 18 The Hindenburg parties were: the German People's party, Agricultural party, German Hannoverian party, People's party, Christian Socialists, Center party, Bavarian People's party, Farmers' League, Economic, Democratic, and Social Democratic parties. His major opponent in the election was Adolf Hitler of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Wer hilft? first published in November 1906 and appearing quarterly, is the The German National People's Party in an earlier election, drives through the streets with an anti-semitic poster on their truck. Intimidation, and fear of the communists, brought Hitler a 90 percent majority. Since 1929, Germany had been suffering from the Great Depression; unemployment had risen from 8.5% to nearly 30% between 1929 and 1932, while industrial production dropped by around 42%. And if you liked this post, be sure to check out these popular posts: Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party didn't simply take Germany by force. Feature Flags: { Web1932 April - Presidential election. Upon Hindenburg's death in 1934 Hitler de facto assumed the presidency, which he combined with the chancellorship to become the Fhrer und Reichskanzler. Citizens and workers must become Germans; 2. Boston Spa, As Hindenburgs current chancellor could no longer gain a majority in the Reichstag, and Hitler could bring together a larger swath of the masses and a unified right/conservative/nationalist coalition, the president gave in. The RFB, the Communist Party's equivalent to the Sturmabteilung, patrol the streets looking for Nazis to fight. Web1932 April Presidential election. On At the end of World War I, the country was crippled. Despite becoming a German citizen (and thus eligible for public office) only on 25 February 1932, Hitler hoped to use the presidency to overturn the Weimar Constitution and establish a dictatorship. Protect the workingman; 7. A campaign truck urges voters to cast their ballots for the DNVP: the German National People's Party. 114Google Scholar. APSR features research from all fields of political The threat of Hitler caused many on the left to support Hindenburg; at the same time, Hindenburg's failure to overturn the Weimar Republic had disappointed many of those who had supported him in 1925. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: Results of the second round of the 1932 German presidential election by administrative district (Kreis), indicating the most popular candidate. In March 1930, the governing grand coalition of the pro-republican partiesthe Social Democratic Party (SPD), the Centre Party and both liberal partiescollapsed. Web"With him" - electoral poster from 1932 German presidential election. Federal elections were held in Germany on 31 July 1932, following the premature dissolution of the Reichstag. The Nazi Party made significant gains and became the largest party in the Reichstag for the first time, although they failed to win a majority. The Communist Party increased their vote share as well. It remains, until today, the last direct election of the German President. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. 25 How impossible it is to determine exactly how the votes lost to the Communists, German Nationalists, and Winter were really distributed is shown clearly in an article Die Stimmen-Verschiebung in Das Tagebuch, April 16, 1932Google Scholar. 9 Jahrbuch der Berufsverbnde im Deutschen Reiche (1930), p. 58Google Scholar. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. March 7, 1936 Hitler Reoccupies the Rhineland The area known as the Rhineland was a strip of German land that borders France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. WebIn 1932 Germany needed a new president and Hitler became the candidate the for the Nazi Party and due to his speeches became the president, his speeches, however, Were anti-semitic and caused them to be opressed in many waysIn 1932 Germany needed a new president and Hitler became the candidate the for the Nazi Party and due to his speeches Nazi Party poster with photographs of 20 men supporting Hitler or Hindenburg in the 1932 presidential election. The September 1930 elections produced a highly fragmented Reichstag, making the formation of a stable government impossible. Nationally, German politics of the 1920s was characterised by a succession of multi-party governments bringing together social democrats or SDPs with parties of the centre and centre right. WebWhat were the results of the presidential election of 1932? A man steps out of the polling station after casting his vote.

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1932 german presidential election

1932 german presidential election