is lindane a severe marine pollutant

trailer Medical observation is indicated. A recent analysis concluded that a majority of pediatricians had not experienced problems treating lice or scabies since that ban took effect. 104 0 obj <> endobj <<77808EBE95D8C749B7A9AFF580CD8412>]>> [7][11][12] [16] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Indeed, most of the adverse human health effects reported for lindane have related to agricultural uses and chronic, occupational exposure of seed treatment workers to agricultural-grade lindane. [7], In the face of negative publicity concerning lindane pharmaceutical products, the U.S. manufacturer, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, filed a legal complaint on February 6, 2007 in the U.S. District Court in Chicago, Illinois against the National Pediculosis Association, the Ecology Center, Inc., and two physicians for statements made and disseminated to healthcare providers and consumers using the internet and through a series of printed literature . WebThe table located at Appendix B to 172.101, List of Marine Pollutants, contains two columns. DEA methoxycinnamate. The International HCH and Pesticide Forum has since been established to bring together experts to address the clean-up and containment of these sites. Separated from bases and food and feedstuffs. xb```"cV @16$!Lvr p'wO'w6%nY38rg?&')(Iq^ YNH(Hinthr;.5. The mark must appear on each side and each end of the transport vehicle or freight container, and must be visible from the direction it faces. The companys promotion agreement with Alliant Pharmaceuticals, which commenced in 2005, was terminated May 2007. For example, warfarin is used as a rodenticide to poison mice and rats (e.g., Kaput, D-Con) but is also formulated for medical use as an oral anticoagulant or "blood thinner" to treat patients with heart attacks, strokes and other clot-related disorders (e.g., Coumadin). Toxicity of phenanthrene and lindane mixtures In the 1940s, lindane was registered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and in 1951 it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in the treatment of scabies, head lice and pubic lice (crabs). FDA-approved for the second-line treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs) and head lice. [24] The Joint Committee on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) of The World Health Organization and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations similarly concluded in 2004 that In the absence of genotoxicity and on the basis of the weight of the evidence from the studies of carcinogenicity, JMPR has concluded that lindane is not likely to pose a carcinogenic risk to humans.[21], The production and use of lindane in agricultural (both of which have declined significantly in the last 20 years) are the primary causes of environmental contamination,[25] and levels of lindane in the environment have waned in the U.S. from 1986 through 2003, consistent with decreasing agricultural usage patterns. Cough. Vomiting. [1] In 2003, the EPA reported on the results of large-scale water contaminant testing of 16,000 water systems serving 100 million people across the U.S. and found that none contained lindane levels above the maximum contaminant level standard considered safe. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and trichlorobenzenes (see ICSCs 0344, 1049 and 1222). To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. (d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required -. Transportation 49.172.101List of Marine Pollutants. [16] Only rarely have seizures and even more rarely fatal reactions been reported when lindane medications were used (presumably) according to directions.[7][11][12]. ILO and WHO 2021. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the northern front range from "serious" to "severe." 0000005726 00000 n It has an oral LD50 of 88 mg/kg in rats and a dermal LD50 of 1000 mg/kg. (i) At least 100 mm (3.9 inches) as measured from the outside of the lines forming the border for marks applied to: (A) Non-bulk packages, except in the case of packages which, because of their size, can only bear smaller marks. (B) Bulk packages with a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons); or. Lindane In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agencys Cancer Assessment Review Committee for lindane downgraded the carcinogenic classification of lindane from possible to suggestive evidence, concluding that the data did not support the need for further study of the carcinogenic risks in humans. WebLindane, a lipophilic pollutant, may be toxic to organisms. In 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses of lindane, limited in recent years to pre-planting seed treatments. Remove contaminated clothes. Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices Dizziness. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. 0 Lindane has been used in the U.S. for more than 60 years, both in healthcare and in agriculture. Previous work showed that Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 degrades lindane and that, in the presence of the pesticide, Methods for measurement of sediment, surface water, and porewater toxicity in marine environments include the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests and copepod [4][25] The latter includes the U.S. and Canada, which support public health uses of pharmaceutical lindane but no longer allow agricultural applications. [1] 0000000736 00000 n Refer for medical attention . 0000001466 00000 n 89 0 obj <>stream (1) Lindane has been listed as a pollutant of concern to EPA'sGreat Waters Programdue to its persistence in the environment, potential to bioaccumulate, and toxicity to humans and the environment. (2) Assessing Personal Exposure Lindane can be measured in the blood, urine, and semen of exposed individuals by gas chromatography.(1) 0000003791 00000 n pollution Lindane [5] However, in 2006, the Agency published an addendum to its initial decision and called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses by registered manufacturers (effective July 2007), citing a significant change in the costs and benefits of agricultural uses due to the recent introduction of seed-treatment alternatives to lindane. Not combustible. A medication guide, written in plain English, was also developed and is now required by law to be dispensed with every lindane prescription dispensed in the U.S. to better educate patients and caregivers on safe application technique. 0000003484 00000 n [26], Lindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. [29] Modern manufacturing standards for lindane involve the treatment and conversion of waste isomers to less toxic industrial chemicals, a process known as cracking.[26][29] Today, only a few production plants remain active worldwide to accommodate public health uses of lindane and declining agricultural needs. WebThe MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: Symbol (fish and tree): Black on Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink, but NOT if convulsions occur. Risk of fire and explosion if formulations contain flammable/explosive solvents. [13], The State of California banned the pharmaceutical use of lindane, effective 2002. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 oxygenase system. The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard; or. [1] Alpha- and beta-HCH were used agriculturally in the U.S. in the form of technical-grade HCH until 1976 and are also produced as manufacturing by-products but are void of insecticidal properties and have little to no use. Vlkov and Hofman demonstrated that soil properties affect the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants such as lindane, DDT, phenanthrene and 0000001244 00000 n Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. 0000003713 00000 n The authors concluded that "The California experience suggests elimination of pharmaceutical lindane produced environmental benefits, was associated with a reduction in reported unintentional exposures and did not adversely affect head lice and scabies treatment. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. However, a significant amount of Lindane is also found in Lindane is the main insecticide produced in China. Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (Octinoxate, Uvinul MC80) Glyceril octanoate dimethoxylcinnamate. UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III, Prepared by an international group of experts on behalf of ILO and WHO, However, Morton Grove presented new facts supporting its case for jurisdiction in Illinois and the Court held that Morton Grove's "Second Amended Complaint would provide specific jurisdiction over the Center and Weil." If the size of the package so requires, the dimensions/line thickness may be reduced, provided the marking remains clearly visible. (2) On a combination packaging containing a marine pollutant, other than a severe marine pollutant, in inner packagings each of which contains: (i) 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less net capacity for liquids; or. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. Lindane - Wikipedia 0000057176 00000 n [4][6] It is banned in 52 countries and the state of California, and is under review for addition to the Stockholm Convention On Persistent Organic Pollutants. Studies of the carcinogenic effects of lindane have been inconclusive and often limited by study design; however, no major carcinogenic effects have been noted in human trials to date. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in fish and seafood. WebLINDANE: ICSC: 0053 (November 2016) gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane gamma-BHC gamma-HCH: CAS #: 58-89-9: UN #: 2761 EC Number: 200-401-2 ACUTE The EPA has approved the use of lindane stockpiles through 2009. [7], Based on these findings, lindane lotion and lindane shampoo were limited to small unit-dose bottles in 2003 by the FDA to mitigate the risk of misuse and further enhance product safety. The company seeks damages and injunctive relief against all of the defendants. [citation needed], The US EPA has determined that lindane does not contaminant drinking water in excess of the Agency's level of concern. The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. [34], In response to Morton Grove's complaint, the Ecology Center defendants moved to dismiss the case based on an alleged lack of personal jurisdiction. Do not transport with food and feedstuffs. [1] Vomiting and nausea are usual symptoms associated with oral ingestions of lindane but serious neurologic effects can occur, albeit less frequently. For example, a meta-analysis of studies looking at the association between occupational exposure to agricultural lindane and non-Hodgkins lymphona among U.S. farmers found that lindane was not a primary factor in the development of the disease. Further see Ingestion. Current as of October 03, 2022 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. WebIn the case of marine pollutants also meeting the criteria for inclusion in another hazard class, all provisions of this subchapter relevant to any additional hazards continue to It also notes that careful consideration should be given before prescribing lindane medications to patients with conditions that may increase the risk of seizure, such as HIV infection, history of head trauma or a prior seizure, CNS tumor, the presence of severe hepatic cirrhosis, excessive use of alcohol, abrupt withdrawal from alcohol or sedatives, as well as concomitant use of medications known to lower seizure threshold. 0000003215 00000 n [1] Adverse hematologic effects have also been reported with chronic occupational exposures and excessive dermal applications; however, a direct cause and effect has not been established. Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (-HCH) and benzene hexachloride (BHC), is an organochlorine insecticide that has been used in agriculture and in pharmaceutical products for the treatment of headlice and scabies. WebLindane is considered a marine pollutant, and special requirements have been set for marking, labeling, and transporting this material. The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. Where dimensions are not specified, all features shall be in approximate proportion to those shown. eCFR :: 49 CFR 172.322 -- Marine pollutants. This may result in convulsions. Air pollution on the Front Range has gotten worse, EPA The study also documented a marked decrease in lindane wastewater contamination and lindane poisoning incidents reported to Poison Control Centers. Well closed. Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. [7][8][9] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also includes lindane medications in their Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines as viable treatment alternatives for the management of scabies and pubic lice, consistent with the approved prescription labeling for these products. Refer immediately for medical attention. [7] These infectious diseases, two of which are sexually transmitted, affect tens of millions of Americans and hundreds of millions of people worldwide every year. (a) For vessel transportation of each non-bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant -, (1) For a proper shipping name used to describe a hazardous material that is a marine pollutant and assigned the letter G in column (1) of the 172.101 hazardous materials table or that contains the text n.o.s., the name of the component which makes the material a marine pollutant must be marked on the package in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name unless the proper shipping name identifies by name the component which makes the material a marine pollutant. United Nations Environment Programme - POPs Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR), Subtitle B - Other Regulations Relating to Transportation, CHAPTER I - PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, SUBCHAPTER C - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS, PART 172 - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS.

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is lindane a severe marine pollutant

is lindane a severe marine pollutant