how many slaves were there in 1870

By the time of the next census, in 1870, slavery had been ended. Ancestry.com and our loyal RootsWeb community. But what the statistics allow us to do is see how widespread it was. Between 1860 Slave Importation Registers, 1800-1845, and Lists of Slaves: Affidavits of persons bringing slaves into the state, and lists or registers of slaves and slave owners. The unceasing spread of slavery provoked political crises, eventually leading to the Civil War. The Freedmans Savings and Trust Company. Negroeswas about 1.7 times more than what the colored population had been 100 years ELLIOTT: You'll hear more about statistics that tell the story of America as we continue this conversation over the coming months. Racially related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in State Records Executive Department (RG 1) Governors Letter Books, 1786-1897, RG 1-1-1: Among other subjects, these books indicate problems with the illegal importation of slaves and runaway slaves. Digests after about 1930 may not include African-Americans who do not own real property. Owner, J. H. Hughes employer, 57 slaves, page 452B, BROWNING, T. B. The chart below shows the numbers of Americans in each census year from 1800 to 1860, along with the total population of enslaved African-Americans in the United States (and in the Confederacy). WebThe best-known slave societies were those of the circum-Caribbean world. (This is all the more remarkable since many slaves fled to the British during the Revolutionary War.) African American slaves had been freed by the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 or by the ratification of the 13th Amendment in 1865. There were 4 million enslaved people counted in the 1860 transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions African American Resources to finding that ancestor as a slave requires advanced research techniques involving all obtainable With the official blessing of the U.S. Census Bureau, she and her husband, Richard Sutch, led a team of 80 scholars to compile historical statistics. Census figures that year indicate that more than 591,000 of those residents (56 percent) were white, and nearly 466,000 (44 percent) were Black. According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Franklin Senr., 58 slaves, page 421B, HOLLINGSWORTH, J. H., 59 slaves, page 453, HOLLINGSWORTH, Mrs. B., 91 slaves, page 460, JENNINGS, Dr. W. D., 48 slaves, page 510B, MCKIE, Mary E. and one other, 47 slaves, page 495, MEREWETHER, Dr. S. G., 50 slaves, page 496, MERRIWEATHER, Dr. N., 49 slaves, page 495B, MIMS, Dr. R. J., C. M. Gray agent for, 48 slaves, page 513B, MIMS, Dr. E. J., Mathis agent for, 56 slaves, page 515, NIEHLEMAN?, Mrs. E. J., 57 slaves, page 449, PICKENS, F. W., W. B. Martin agent for, 84 slaves, page 513, SEARING, A. L., M. A. Selack for, 96 slaves, page 391B, SEARLS, T. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Franklin County, North Carolina of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. But Harvey Amani Whitfield has shown that some Vermont African Americans were held in bondage. increases (from around 10% to 50%): Craven; Edgecombe; Granville, Mecklenberg; New The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and slaveholders. We're calling the series A Story Behind the Number. and 1870, so likely that is where many went. Freed slaves, if listed in the next census, in 1870, would have been reported with their full name, Digests in Archives custody up to 1890 are scanned and indexed on Ancestry.com. The total number of slaves in the eastern seaboard states did, however, grow slowly over time, but not at anything like the rate of growth for free people in the North. That's a lynching every week, more than once a week. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS: (exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex), SURNAME, # in US, in State, in County, born in State, born and living in State, born in State 1870 Overview - History - U.S. Census Bureau WebThough it is impossible to give accurate figures, some historians have estimated that 6 to 7 million enslaved people were imported to the New World during the 18th century alone, and Counties, return to Home and Links Page. enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS: (exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex), (SURNAME, # in US, in State, in County, born in State, born and living in State, born in State and living in County), JOHNSON, 33402, 1870, 133, 2773, 1789, 122, WILLIAMS, 28865, 2124, 188, 3049, 2007, 168. According to the authoritative SlaveVoyages.org, the total number of black slaves imported from Africa into America was 305,326. Abraham Lincoln consulted it throughout the Civil War. task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription. Statista. colored persons from Edgefield County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); Some states also produced their own state censuses in the period between the surviving 1880 and 1900 federal censuses. But they do give a large overview of the forced labor system which made the nation "half slave and half free.". Finally, the dynamics of the free African American population looked more like the free white population than the slave population. Check the County Records Microfilm Catalog under Ordinary Court records. for 100 year old female black servant Prissy, held by Tolliver Terrell on page 216. You are the visitor to this page. Due to variable film quality, handwriting A statistic about the literacy of freed slaves recently came to our attention. Franklin County Slave population in 1860 chart Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_United_States_census Slave Population in 1860 Map If you find your ancestor by name in both census years, identified as a free African American, you are quite likely to be able to locate additional county records to provide more information. being reported here with a B added to the number of the preceding page. Shortly after the American Civil War (18611865) began in Virginia, African Americans established and taught in schools for Virginias freed people. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County M858. PURPOSE. Before presuming an African American was a slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 WebThe 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and slaveholders. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. During the reign of King Cotton, about 40 percent of the Southern population consisted of Black slaves; the percentage of slaves rose as high as 64 percent in South Carolina in 1720 and 55 percent in Mississippi in 1810 and 1860. The U.S. Constitution was ratified September 17, 1787. transcriber has chosen to use the term slaveholder rather than slave owner, so that questions The Freedmans Bank records provide easily-accessible information, often identifying multiple generations of family members and even the names of the slave owner and plantations of former slaves. Southeast Africa: Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania WebTRANS-ATLANTIC SLAVE VOYAGES. But many historians approached that data very skeptically. An Census: Slave Schedules, Black or Mulatto, Colored, Notable Kentucky African Americans Database, accessed May 1, 2023, https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/2369. The census shows no subdivisions within the County. Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very Cemeteries and Churches: The Archives has a variety of church records available in original format and on microfilm. 1860 United States census - Wikipedia Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research Get the latest History stories in your inbox? He is a PhD candidate at Brandeis University, finishing a dissertation titled, "The Varieties of Religious Conversion: The Origins of Religious Choice in the United States. 5800 Jonesboro Road T., 23 slaves, Harris page 219B, HAWKINS, Mrs. J. D., 40 slaves, Harris page 212B, HILL, Daniel S. Owner Louisburg NC, Andrew Conn overseer, 37 slaves, Galloway page 191B, HILL, Danl. Ga. Slavery A.?, 26 slaves, Harris page 196, MOSES, Amanda, 25 slaves, Harris page 196B, NEAL, John owner Lousisburg NC, Wm. We welcome updates and additions to this Wiki page. It grew in intensity in places around the Chesapeake Bay, even as slavery was gradually abolished in the North. can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been changed through the years and because the sizeable number The collections are indexed by main entry, by geographic location, by subject, by chronological dates, and by the types of forms used (such as diaries, ledgers, etc.). Owner Louisburg NC, Jesse Perry overseer,59 slaves, Galloway page How Many Slaves were An American Slave with purposes. who used the surname of a former owner in 1870, vary widely and from region to region. This animation shows the percentage of the population enslaved from 1790 to 1860. Thanks so much for joining us. slaveholder. Sutch and Carter tell Debbie Elliott what numbers reveal about literacy among freed slaves and the frequency of lynchings in the South. How common was this? Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll 922) reportedly includes a total of 7,076 slaves. Free African Americans were almost entirely excluded, in part by an extensive system of patrols, from the majority slave populations of the Deep South. County Court Records, 1866-: These courts were established in 1866 to handle civil cases in which the amount in question was under $100 as well as misdemeanor/regulatory crimes, previously handled by the County Superior and Inferior Courts. (Georgia Archives Microfilm #231/1-5) This microfilm publication reproduces the seven volumes (eight bound parts) of records compiled for publication by the Colored Troops Division of the Adjutant Generals Office. WebThe U.S. Census Bureau counts the number of people living in the United States every 10 years. Available for 21 counties: Appling, Baldwin, Camden, Chatham, Clarke, Columbia, Elbert, Emanuel, Hancock, Jefferson, Jones, Liberty, Lincoln, Lumpkin, Morgan, Pulaski, Richmond, Screven, Taliaferro, Thomas, Warren, and Wilkes. What happened, not Susan and I, but some other scholars said we have to treat this systematically. Alabama, up 37,000 (8%); North Carolina, up 31,000 (8%); Florida, up 27,000 (41%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Edgefield County, South Carolina (NARA microfilm series M653, Of, 67 slaves, Harris page 221B, DAVIS, Dr. 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 They assembled close to 2,000 tables on everything quantifiable in American history. significant increases in colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation for PLANTATION NAMES. accounting for 8,445 slaves, or just over 35% of the County total. By the 1870 U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands: These are now indexed and available on Ancestry.com. listed as having 15,993 whites, about a 2.5 times increase, while the 1960 total of 12,718 The estate records of a slave holder who died before emancipation may list slaves by name. Should statues of slaveholders be taken down? Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1150475/number-slaves-taken-from-africa-by-region-century/, Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866, Change in GDP in the U.S and European countries 1929-1938, United States: historical total unemployment and unemployment rate 1890-1988, Total imports, total exports, and trade balance of the U.S. 1790-1970, United States: annual number of banks and thrifts 1920-1935, United States: value of commercial and savings bank deposits 1920-1940, Dow Jones: average and yearly closing prices 1915-2021, Dow Jones: annual change in closing prices 1915-2021, Great Depression: Dow Jones monthly change over presidential terms 1929-1937, Worst days in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, Best years in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, Worst years in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, S&P 500 performance during major crashes as of August 2020, Change in industrial production in the U.S and European countries 1929-1938, Interwar period: industrialization index in selected European countries 1925-1938, Average weekly earnings in manufacturing industries in the U.S. 1914-1969, Nonagricultural employment in the United States 1900-1943, United States: number of strikes and workers involved 1881-1975, Industrial recovery after the Great Depression in select European countries 1928-1938, Increase in European import tariffs during the Great Depression 1927-1931, Interwar period: manufacturing index in selected American countries 1923-1944, Increase in Europe's agricultural tariffs during the Great Depression 1927-1931, Index of agricultural wages in the United States 1818-1948, Net income of farm operators in the United States 1910-1941, United States: arable crop output 1866-1988, United States: net migration of farm population 1921-1970, Wheat exports of the U.S., Canada, and Argentina 1852-1988, Federal share of relief spending in the U.S. during the Great Depression 1932-1940, Great Depression: annual benefits compared to manufacturing wages U.S. 1933-1940, Present-day countries in the British Empire 1600-2000, People's opinion on the current state of their country's former colonies in 2019, People's opinion on their country hypothetically still having an empire in 2019, Increase in hourly wages in the US during the Spanish Flu Pandemic 1900-1928, Level of pride relating to former empires in select countries in 2019, Which event from the 1970s people would most want to witness firsthand 2013, Share of women at boardroom level in the Philippines 2010-2015, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, Southeast Africa and Indian Ocean islands. Some of these former slaves may have been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder making this transcription, except for 100 year old female Betty, held by Dam(?) Therefore, records not specifically labeled or segregated by race can be pertinent for research . slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. U.S. Adjutant Generals Office: The Negro in the Military Service of the United States, 1639-1886. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County was Ms. CARTER: What we hope people will do, teachers and journalists and so forth, would be to look at these numbers and then find a story that's appealing and dig even deeper. Estimates of the number of former slaves the source film personally to verify or modify the information in this transcription for their own 400 years since slavery: a timeline of American history Deceased, 72 slaves, page 426B. Maps can't tell us everything, but they can help, especially interactive web maps that can zoom in and out, represent more than one subject, and be set in motion to show change over time.

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how many slaves were there in 1870

how many slaves were there in 1870