thalassemia minor and covid immunity

Current recommendations are that a person's usual regimen of transfusions should be continued during the pandemic. Hemoglobin allows your red blood cells to carry oxygen to other cells throughout your body. Thalassemia trait, aka thalassemia minor, usually doesnt cause health issues. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Accessibility . The types are beta thalassemia major, intermedia, and minor. More research is needed to, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Transfusion. Many times people with thalassemia are prescribed a supplemental B vitamin, known as folic acid, to help treat anemia. Anemia can affect your weight, whether due to its impact on your appetite and activity levels or its underlying cause. By. In general, if both parents have thalassemia trait, theres a: Because more genes are involved in alpha-thalassemia trait, there are several possible outcomes depending on each parents combination of genes. Thalassemia may cause you to experience anemia-like symptoms that range from mild to severe. A 2014 Chinese study found that 17.8% of people with beta-thalassemia trait also had genetic mutations that affected the alpha gene. Care of patients with hemoglobin disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of recommendations. This is the most severe form of this disorder. Genetic correction of concurrent - and -thalassemia patient-derived pluripotent stem cells by the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Bender MA, et al. Covid-19: Do many people have pre-existing immunity? | The BMJ Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. The Johnson & Johnsons Janssen can rarely cause arterial thrombosis, a blood clot in an artery, in people with thrombocytopenia 4 to 30 days after vaccination. A comprehensive review of studies published in Seminars in Vascular Surgery in September 2021 examined peer-reviewed journal articles published from March 2020 to January 2021. (Note: The overall mortality rate for COVID-19 is currently less than 1%.). Beta thalassemia is the most common blood disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene. Experts estimate 1.5% of the worlds population to be carriers. This could be dangerous, as too much iron can cause serious health problems. Epub 2022 Jul 5. Chowdhury SF, Anwar S. Management of hemoglobin disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with -thalassemia: The French It's been found that, in general, people who have COVID-19 often have significantly reduced hemoglobin levels, especially with severe disease. They only have one mutated HBB gene from their parents. Drouin E, et al. If the mutation affects two genes, you have alpha-thalassemia minor. Yes. Thalassemia: Types, Traits, Symptoms & Treatment - Cleveland Clinic ; 3 Hemoglobinopathies and Congenital Anemia Center, Ospedale Galliera, Genoa, Italy. APS is an autoimmune disorder that makes your blood clot easily. Lets look at why and what you can do about it. Within each of these types, the severity varies, from causing moderate to severe anemia to requiring frequent blood transfusions. Thalassaemia - NHS Munkongdee T, et al. Thalassaemia International Federation . and transmitted securely. Epub 2020 Apr 27. Home isolation in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients with SARS CoV2 infection: Experience from a developing country. The need for frequent blood transfusions and complications of the disease that result in more clinic visits and hospitalizations could raise the odds that someone would come into contact with the virus. Lasting immunity found after recovery from COVID-19 That means getting vaccinated and boosted, social distancing, wearing a mask in public, and washing your hands regularly, among other things. A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand. Thalassemia also increases the likelihood to form blood clots. Quite a bit of research has been published about blood type and COVID-19 risk. Beta thalassemia minor or thalassemia trait. Thalassemia: Complications and Treatment | CDC Metabolism. 2021;27:e929207. doi:10.23750/abm.v91i3.10063, Taher AT, Bou-Fakhredin R, Kreidieh F, et al. With more research, we may one day have a clearer understanding of the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types. If you become infected, it's important to talk to a doctor knowledgeable about thalassemia regarding any special precautions you should take or changes to your medical plan. Do people with thalassemia trait need treatment? Epub 2020 Sep 15. But you can still pass down the affected gene to future generations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Thalassemia International Federation urge people with thalassemia to get the COVID-19 vaccine. (2022). Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. What's the Link Between ARDS and COVID-19? Blood type has been identified as a risk factor in many diseases, from cancer to venous and arterial thromboembolism. COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; haemoglobinopathies; pandemic; thalassaemia. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with -thalassemia: The French experience. Shortness of breath is a common symptom of anemia. PMC For those who have not yet started the medication, delaying the use of the medication should be considered. The Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines use mRNA technology. Jason DelCollo, DO, is a board-certified medicine physician and associate faculty member at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. People who are moderate to severely immunocompromised may need additional doses of the COVID-19 vaccine to stay protected. Al-Shamsi HO, Alhazzani W, Alhuraiji A, Coomes EA, Chemaly RF, Almuhanna M, Wolff RA, Ibrahim NK, Chua MLK, Hotte SJ, Meyers BM, Elfiki T, Curigliano G, Eng C, Grothey A, Xie C. Oncologist. As a whole, experts recommend that peopleregardless of blood typekeep following CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Sotiriou S, et al. When one of these two genes are missing, it can lead to beta thalassemia trait, or beta thalassemia minor. Thalassemia Benefits - News-Medical.net The results provide hope that people receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will develop similar lasting immune memories after vaccination. According to the CDC, people shouldnt get vaccinated if they have had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. If the inherited mutation affects only one gene, you are a silent carrier for alpha-thalassemia. They also indicate that haemochromatosis type 1 might confer some protection. Nutrition. About 1.5% of the worlds population carry HBB mutations that cause beta thalassemia. Your body produces a variety of different cells that fight invading germs. Learn more about COVID-19 vaccination for people with beta-thalassemia or . Beta-thalassemia occurs when your body has trouble producing hemoglobin beta. In some cases, the inherited mutation can cause the HBB gene to be absent. But they do test for sickle cell anemia, which can also detect thalassemia. Objectives: Many patients with haemoglobinopathies, including thalassaemia and sickle cell disease, are at increased risk of developing severe complications from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It's also helpful to know your blood typespecifically the Rh factorduring pregnancy, so your doctor can troubleshoot if the unborn baby has a different Rh factor. In order of increasing severity, its classified as: People with beta thalassemia minor usually dont develop symptoms and have mild anemia. Newborn screening tests in the United States dont specifically check for thalassemia trait. Splenectomy: When a person has a spleen removed for thalassemia, they are more likely to develop a secondary bacterial infection . People with thalassemia often experience similar COVID-19 complications as those without thalassemia, but they may be at greater risk for certain problems. There are four types of alpha thalassemia, and two main types of beta thalassemia. Thalassemia - Diagnosis | NHLBI, NIH People with beta thalassemia may be immunosuppressed if they have impairment of spleen function or had their spleen removed. Heavy alcohol drinking is known to further aggravate anemia. When there isn't enough hemoglobin, the body's red blood cells don't function properly and they last shorter periods of time, so there are fewer healthy red blood cells traveling . But blood tests can only lead doctors to presume that you have the trait. There are two types of thalassemia, alpha and beta. Examples of coexisting conditions included insulin-dependent diabetes, heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, kidney disease, osteoporosis, hepatitis C, liver disease, and asthma. (2022). However, certain issues, such as pneumonia and respiratory failure, blood clots, and heart-related complications, should be monitored for. In fact, some medications used for thalassemia may actually be helpful. Vaccines can help people with beta thalassemia lower their chances of getting COVID-19 or having severe illness if they do get COVID-19. What to Know About Thalassemia and COVID-19. Needs T, et al. Thalassemia Benefits. FDA Approves First Cell-Based Gene Therapy to Treat Adult and Pediatric Patients with Beta-thalassemia Who Require Regular Blood Transfusions. Current recommendations for those in the United States is that iron chelation therapy be continued unless symptoms of COVID-19 develop. The researchers found that people with beta thalassemia minor had: However, the researchers didnt find statistical significance for any of these parameters, so no definitive conclusions can be drawn from the study. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2023.007. Nicosia, Cyprus: Thalassaemia International Federation; 2014. Your red blood cells are likely to be smaller than is typical. Orphanet J Rare Dis. There are two damaged genes. For the latest on COVID-19, visit our coronavirus news page. Disclaimer. Who's at Risk for Long COVID? Vitamin and mineral supplementation may be recommended for some people with thalassemia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sadly, the reduction in the blood supply has led many people with thalassemia to receive fewer transfusions than usual, prompting healthcare providers caring for people with the condition to look for options that may reduce the need for or frequency of transfusions. This blood disorder causes your body not to produce enough hemoglobin. People who have had splenectomies have a greater risk of developing bacterial infections as well as sepsis. Since those studies, a fair amount of research has been conducted on blood type and COVID-19 risk. De Sanctis V, Canatan D, Corrons JLV, et al. A 2022 study found that people with beta-thalassemia trait were also at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Thalassemia: Understanding the Inherited Blood Disorder, What Hemoglobin Does and Why It Is Important, When Iron Deficiency Anemia Is Not What It Appears to Be, What to Know About Chronic Kidney Disease and COVID-19, What to Know About Sickle Cell Disease and COVID-19, Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), Iron Chelation Preparations and Side Effects, What to Know About Parkinsons Disease and COVID-19, Alpha Thalassemia Types, Diagnosis, and Treatment, What to Know About Organ Transplants and COVID-19, A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand, COVID-19. Common COVID-19 treatments, including prone positioning (turning a patient on their stomach), non-invasive ventilation (oxygen delivered via a face mask), and intubation and mechanical ventilation (where a tube is inserted down the throat and a machine pumps air in and out of the lungs), may be needed depending on the severity. Patients with beta-thalassaemia increase the risk of bacterial infections, particularly Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp), the causative agent of melioidosis in Thailand. Risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by transfusion: A literature review. Autosomal means the affected genes arent on sex chromosomes. Hemoglobin is the iron-containing part of your red blood cells that allows them to carry oxygen throughout your body. On the other, people with thalassemia may be at risk of adrenal insufficiency (adrenal crisis), which can worsen a person's condition with severe COVID-19. Most people with beta thalassemia major have symptoms within the first 2 years of life. IgA Antibodies and IgA Deficiency in SARS-CoV-2 Infection I declare no competing interests. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, thalassemia can affect your ability to become pregnant and increase your risk of complications if you do. (2022). In many cases, alpha thalassemia may also need blood transfusions to manage. Unlike its alpha counterpart, only one gene (HBB) is responsible for making hemoglobin beta. Marion Cook. Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified internal medicine physician and cardiologist. Some research suggests that people with beta thalassemia may be at an elevated risk of developing severe illness or death from COVID-19, but research is still mixed. This condition can cause abrupt changes in blood pressure or heart rate that may worsen a person's condition during a COVID-19 infection. While there are no specific guidelines at this time, some researchers believe that hemoglobin levels should be monitored closely in people with thalassemia if they develop COVID-19, even when symptoms are only mild. Am J Hematol. Blood tests can also be used for . Thalassemia - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic Learn more about its symptoms and how it's diagnosed. (2020). In fact, some people prefer being able to communicate with their healthcare providers from the comfort of their own home. Diagnosis. 2020;91(3):e2020026. Impaired immune cell . The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Marhaeni W, Felicia FV, Sumadi Jap AL, Hartoyo E, Andayani P. Front Med (Lausanne). It causes anemia. 2023 Feb 9;10:1056599. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1056599.

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thalassemia minor and covid immunity

thalassemia minor and covid immunity