who was the first king of scandinavia

Upon his death (without heirs) in 1066, Harold Godwinesson, the son of Edwards most powerful noble, laid claim to the throne. Rollo | duke of Normandy | Britannica Though only a few examples survive, medieval Swedish lists of kings overwhelmingly begin with Olof Sktkonung, the first Christian king of Sweden, suggesting that he, and not any of the previous legendary figures, was seen as Sweden's first king. The early history of Norway, and Scandinavia in general, is characterized by powerful seafarers, traders, and warriors and by rich heathen mythologies and ambitious chieftains. Rise to power. The Danish intervention began when Christian IV (15771648) the King of Denmark-Norway, himself a Lutheran, helped the German Protestants by leading an army against the Holy Roman Empire, fearing that Denmark's sovereignty as a Protestant nation was being threatened. From 1630 to 1634, they drove the Catholic forces back and regained much of the occupied Protestant lands. The foreign influence is believed to originate with amber trade, and amber found in Mycenaean graves from this period originates from the Baltic Sea. [17] A grave of a warrior-woman dating to the 10th century in Denmark was long thought to belong to a Viking. Contents 1 Terminology and usage 1.1 Usage in geography 1.2 Variations in usage 1.3 Usage by cultural and tourist organizations [19], The Muns dynasty of kings is the earliest royal lineage that is mentioned not only in Icelandic sagas, but also in medieval Swedish sources. Valhalla - History, Myths & Interpretations | Mythology.net Rollo, or Rolf, was a Viking who became the first ruler of Normandy in Northern France. These repressive measures ensured that the cooperation was small. Boydell Press, 2003. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBarford2001 (, Harald Gustafsson, "A state that failed? Jacobsen designed every little detail of the hotel, from the signature spiral staircase in the lobby to the iconic egg chairs. They have inhabited the northern arctic and sub-arctic regions of Fenno-Scandinavia and Russia for at least 5,000 years. The first recorded raid in continental Europe came in 799, at the island monastery of St Philiberts on Noirmoutier, near the estuary of the Loire River. Several petroglyphs depict ships which could possibly be Mediterranean. Iceland first became colonized in the late 9th century[citation needed] . Meanwhile, Viking armies remained active on the European continent throughout the ninth century, brutally sacking Nantes (on the French coast) in 842 and attacking towns as far inland as Paris, Limoges, Orleans, Tours and Nimes. In 911, the West Frankish king granted Rouen and the surrounding territory by treaty to a Viking chief called Rollo in exchange for the latters denying passage to the Seine to other raiders. As the direct predecessors of Eric the Victorious, Icelandic sources give Bjrn Eriksson, preceded by Erik Anundsson. We exists to inform people about the people, culture, and history . The western-led warriors, eventually known as Vikings, left great cultural marks[citation needed] on regions such as French Normandy, England, and Ireland, where the city of Dublin was founded by Viking invaders. The Ynglinga saga presents the following line of Yngling kings of the Swedes: Sturluson's Ynglinga saga was created far too late to serve as a reliable source in regards to the events and kings it describes, being separated from the earliest ones by several centuries. In addition to the short genealogical account of Langfegatal, Ragnar Lodbrok's royal dynasty is also presented in a more narrative form in the aforementioned Hervarar saga, also written in the 12th or 13th century.[20]. The northern hunter/gatherers followed the herds and the salmon runs, moving south during the winters, moving north again during the summers. North speculates that he took this second copy of Beowulf with him during the expedition, so it could shown like a charter, especially . By 10 June 1940, Norway's official military had surrendered to the attackers, while King Haakon VII and his legal government fled to exile in Britain. Calling their landing place Vinland (Wine-land), they built a temporary settlement at LAnse aux Meadows in modern-day Newfoundland. In Denmark Harald Bluetooth Christianized the country around 965. Rollo (Norman: Rou, Rolloun; Old Norse: Hrlfr; French: Rollon; died between 928 and 933) was a Viking who, as Count of Rouen, became the first ruler of Normandy, today a region in northern France.He emerged as the outstanding warrior among the Norsemen who had secured a permanent foothold on Frankish soil in the valley of the lower Seine.After the Siege of Chartres in 911, Charles the Simple . The Cimbri and the Teutons were eventually defeated by the Roman legions. The Kirk Douglas . All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Mycenaean Greece, the Villanovan Culture, Phoenicia and Ancient Egypt have all been identified as possible sources of influence in Scandinavian artwork from this period. Moreover, the style of metal objects and clay vessels was markedly Roman. Denmark: Queen Margrethe II is the first female monarch to reign in Denmark since her name sake, Margrethe I, who was credited for uniting the three Scandinavian countries within the Kalmar Union in the 1400s. Harald had become embroiled in a conflict with Otto II, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (reigned 973-983), which was at least partially because Harald was a pagan. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. Rollo Rollo became the first ruler of Normandy in the early 10 th century. Were There Ever African Vikings? - Scandinavia Facts Derry, T.K. Clerc, Louis; Glover, Nikolas; Jordan, Paul, eds. Historia de omnibus Gothorum Sueonumque regibus, http://blog.svd.se/historia/2011/10/13/varfor-jag-inte-tror-pa-sagokungar/, "Concerning Mass Graves: the Use, Development and Identities Within Mass Graves During the Scandinavian Iron Age and Middle Ages", "Kungalngder och historieskrivning: Fornsvenska och fornislndska kllor om Sveriges historia", "De ldsta sveakungarna enligt Ynglingasagan", "Kings and Queens of Sweden A thousand year succession", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_legendary_kings_of_Sweden&oldid=1135221997, This page was last edited on 23 January 2023, at 10:58. In the eighth century A.D., Europe was growing richer, fueling the growth of trading centers such as Dorestad and Quentovic on the Continent and Hamwic (now Southampton), London, Ipswich and York in England. The Vikings' Conversion to Christianity - Norse Mythology for Smart They hunted seals and fished in the rich waters. 1. Although it was from its outset a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics, the self-preservation of the Habsburg dynasty was also a central motive. [16] Though descent from figures such as Odin and Njord, gods in Norse mythology, might seem a prestigious origin, it would be problematic in early medieval Norway since the kings were Christian and their ancestors were worshipped as Pagan gods. Opposition parties were eliminated and Nasjonal Samling ("National Unity"), the Norwegian fascist political party, appointed all government officials. Olaf Tryggvason: Olaf Tryggvason (964-1000) was the first to have widespread evangelistic success in Norway. Another notable effect was the Swedish parliament's adoption of a new constitution and a new royal house, that of Bernadotte. The early Germanic Iron Age decorations show animals that are rather faithful anatomically, but in the late Germanic Iron Age they evolve into intricate shapes with interlacing and interwoven limbs that are well known from the Viking Age. The second is lighter, adorned with 2,868 diamonds . This made King Sweyn of Denmark angry. [7], The sequence of legendary kings below derives from medieval Icelandic poet and historian Snorri Sturluson's Ynglinga saga, the first section of the saga collection Heimskringla. [18] Likewise, his son, Olof, fell in love with Edla, a Slavic woman, and took her as his frilla (concubine). The Swedish rise to power began under the rule of Charles IX. The region is located in Northern Europe, and consists of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. ' saga kings / fairy tale kings') according to legends were rulers of Sweden and the Swedes who preceded Eric the Victorious and Olof Sktkonung, the earliest reliably attested Swedish kings. [22], The Icelandic Commonwealth adopted Christianity in 1000 AD, after pressure from Norway. The Swedish Ynglings might have been invented to glorify the Norwegian kings further, giving them a glorious and mythical past associated with Uppsala. Germany eventually reacted by eliminating Denmark's representative government and imposing martial law. The war did have a significant impact on the economy of the area, primarily as a result of the British blockade of Germany. What is genuine history and what is myth and legend in the sagas is impossible to determine today, and everything contained in them must as such be regarded as legendary, if not fictional. It started by a coordinated attack on Sweden by the coalition in 1700 and ended 1721 with the conclusion of the Treaty of Nystad and the Stockholm treaties. Britain believed Germany was planning to invade and made counter plans for its own invasion. Sweden also chartered a Swedish East India Company. The Vikings were great shipbuilders and explorers. St. Olaf III "Skotkonung", King of Sweden (995-1022) ( Old Norse : lfr skautkonungr) sometimes stylized as . Who Was the First King of Norway? - Scandinavia Facts hgin, Dith. During the fall of the Roman empire, there was an abundance of gold that flowed into Scandinavia, and there are excellent works in gold from this period. Beyond that, there is little evidence of Viking presence in the New World, and they didnt form permanent settlements. After a short war with Sweden, Norway had to concede to a personal union with Sweden at the Convention of Moss. Bernadotte was originally one of Napoleon's eighteen Marshals. Besides, he was a monarch in 970. The present monarch of Sweden is Carl XVI Gustaf, who came to the throne in 1973 at the age of 27. The name Viking came from the Scandinavians themselves, from the Old Norse word "vik" (bay or creek) which formed the root of "vikingr" (pirate). The period succeeding the fall of the Roman Empire is known as the Germanic Iron Age, and it is divided into the early Germanic Iron and the late Germanic Iron Age, which in Sweden is known as the Vendel Age, with rich burials in the basin of Lake Mlaren. Photo: Hugo Burnand. The period began in 1625 and lasted until 1629. BBC - History - Ancient History in depth: Viking Religion During the Weichselian glaciation, almost all of Scandinavia was buried beneath a thick permanent sheet of ice and the Stone Age was delayed in this region.Some valleys close to the watershed were indeed ice-free around 30 000 years B.P. The long goodbye to Scandinavian Paganism and the Christianization of 12 of the best places to stay in Scandinavia - Routes North Famous Scandinavian Kings from Sweden But the historicity of most legendary kings remains impossible to verify due to a lack of sources. Vikings in Denmark: History, Raids, Fate - Scandinavia Facts By formulating a law that made Christianity the official religion, but also that religious practice in the private sphere was outside of the law, he managed to stave off the threat from Norway, limiting the feuds and avoiding an religiously motivated civil war.[23]. One of the most prominent finds is the Dejbjerg wagon from Jutland, a four-wheeled wagon of wood with bronze parts. Many were buried without burning, but the burning tradition later regained its popularity. However, bitterness towards Germany grew, and small sabotages directed against Germany became commonplace. [12] Most of the sagas known today, the Ynglinga saga included, were composed during a relatively brief period, from the 12th to 13th century, a time when royal power was being consolidated in Norway, Denmark and Sweden. Industrialization of Sweden experienced a boom during the First World War. [23] Adam of Bremen's line of kings is thus: The Sparlsa Runestone, created c. 800, mentions several names, including the name Alrkr (Alaric) in an unclear context, the name Eirkr (Eric) in reference to a king at Uppsala and the name Eyvsl as the son of this Eirkr. The first "king of Norway" in that sense was Hkon Aalsteinsfostri ("Hakon the Foster-son of Athalstein"), who ruled from about 935 to 960. Before long other Vikings realized that Frankish rulers were willing to pay them rich sums to prevent them from attacking their subjects, making Frankia an irresistible target for further Viking activity. [1] Labor unions could only exist if they accepted Nazi control. [4] Modern scholarship does not see sagas such as the Ynglinga saga as good sources for genuine historical information. The events of 1066 in England effectively marked the end of the Viking Age. They were cattle herders, and with them most of southern Scandinavia entered the Neolithic. The Kalmar War in 16111613 was the last serious (although possibly unrealistic) attempt by a Danish King (Christian IV) to re-create the Kalmar Union by force. Swedish settlers were mostly present in Rus, Livonia, and other eastern regions while the Norwegians and the Danish were primarily concentrated in western and northern Europe[citation needed] . The mid-10th-century reign of Harald Bluetooth as king of a newly unified, powerful and Christianized Denmark marked the beginning of a second Viking age. [12] These hunters and gatherers of the late Paleolithic and early Mesolithic were named Komsa by the researchers as what they identified themselves as is unknown. To the north, in Norway and most of southern Sweden, lived the Fosna-Hensbacka culture, who lived mostly along the edge of the forest. First Look With Surveillance: Microsoft, Alphabet. Industrialization began in the mid 19th century in Scandinavia. Coastal areas were ice-free several times between 75 000 and 30 000 years B.P. However, the treaty of Kiel never came into force. The Great Northern War was fought between a coalition of Russia, Denmark-Norway and Saxony-Poland (from 1715 also Prussia and Hanover) on one side and Sweden on the other side from 1700 to 1721. In February 2020, Secrets of the Ice Program researchers discovered a 1,500-year-old Viking arrowhead dating back to the Germanic Iron Age and locked in a glacier in southern Norway caused by the climate change in the Jotunheimen Mountains. Viking religious beliefs were heavily connected to Norse mythology. and the final expansion towards the late Weichselian maximum took place after 28 000 years B.P. This Is the Most Historically Accurate Viking Movie of All Time These two tribes, the Cimbri and the Teutons, initially inflicted the heaviest losses that Rome had suffered since the Second Punic War. The Vita gives no genealogical information in regards to the kings. A few years later (c. 831) the archbishopric of Hamburg was established and became at once the center for missionary work in the north. 'saga kings / fairy tale kings') according to legends were rulers of Sweden and the Swedes who preceded Eric the Victorious and Olof Sktkonung, the earliest reliably attested Swedish kings. Most of the Danish fleet was captured following the Second Battle of Copenhagen in 1807. Also, Danes were considered fellow Nordics and Aryans by Nazi ideologues, which further helped the country. Olaf and Olaf II had been baptized voluntarily outside of Norway. They successfully cultivated peace with the Germans, supplying them with needed raw materials. In 1976 King Carl Gustaf married the German-Brazilian Silvia . Some within Ferdinand II's court believed that Wallenstein wanted to take control of the German princes and thus gain influence over the emperor. In 1635 he became Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen too.) He invaded England and Ethelred fled to France. can be found in the traditional lands of the Sami. The Early History of Scandinavia - Origins, Vikings and More It also helped that the French regent Cardinal Richelieu was willing to pay for a Danish incursion into Germany. The Viking predecessorspirates who preyed on merchant ships in the Baltic Seawould use this knowledge to expand their fortune-seeking activities into the North Sea and beyond. Olaf Tryggvason started the destruction of pagan cult sites in the late 10th century, but only Olaf Haraldsson achieved the official adaption of Christianity in the 1020s. Baron Karl Otto Mrner, an obscure member of the Diet, was the one who initially extended the offer of the Swedish crown to the young soldier. Scandinavia - New World Encyclopedia An accomplished writer, Brahe also composed outstanding poetry in Latin. After planning for months, Germany invaded both Denmark and Norway the same day, 9 April 1940, days before Britain planned to invade.[34]. [9], The sequence of kings presented below is given by the Hervarar saga, a saga written in the 12th or 13th century. Norway declared its independence, adopted a liberal constitution, and elected Prince Christian Frederik as king. On the Union of Kalmar, especially its dissolution. Scandinavia's Conversion to Christianity: Get the Facts The Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe established Uraniborg, one of Europe's finest research centers, in the late 1570s. Sweden required a little more time to transition to Christianity, with indigenous religious practices commonly held in localized communities well until the end of the eleventh century. Built in 1960 and recently restored to its full . He arrived in Norway on 25 November 1905, taking the name Haakon VII. Sweden decided to join the alliance against France in 1813 and was promised Norway as a reward. The transmission of metallurgy to southern Scandinavia coincided with the introduction of long barrows, causewayed enclosures, two-aisled houses, and certain types of artefacts, and seems to have enabled the establishment of a fully Neolithic society.[3]. Greenland, Iceland and The Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic were Norwegian dependencies that were incorporated into the united kingdom of Denmark-Norway. Several petroglyphs depict ships, and the large stone formations known as stone ships indicate that shipping played an important role in the culture. Beowulf was connected to King Cnut, study finds Great ships made for rowing have been found from the 4th century in Nydam mosse in Schleswig. Near the end of the 6th millennium BC, the Kongemose culture was replaced by the Erteblle culture in the south. Since he was childless, Sweden chose as his successor the commander in chief of the Norwegian army, Prince Christian August of Augustenborg. Norway and Denmark subsequently became signatory parties of the North Atlantic Treaty and members of NATO. King Charles and Queen Camilla Champion British Fashion in New Royal Adolf Frederick or Adolph Frederick was the son of Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin, and Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach. They too started to cultivate the land, and by 3000 BC they became part of the megalithic Funnelbeaker culture. History of Christianity in Norway - Wikipedia The Danes and then Swedes intervened at various points to protect their interests. Armistice negotiations concluded on 14 August 1814. Though the stories of some of the kings may be embellished tales of local rulers or chiefs that actually existed. Sweden began consolidating its empire. Sacrifice-Svein) ruled between 1084 and 1087. Haakon the Good was the first king to make efforts to convert the whole country, but the rebellious pagan chieftains forced him to apostatize. Nevertheless, there was a hostile relationship, with an occupation force of almost one German for every ten Norwegians. All Rights Reserved. However, his sudden death in 1810 forced the Swedes to look for another candidate, and once more they chose an enemy officer. A thousand years later, the numerous East Germanic tribes that claimed Scandinavian origins (Burgundians, Goths and Heruls), as did the Lombards, rendered Scandinavia (Scandza) the name "womb of nations" in Jordanes' Getica. The legendary kings of Sweden (Swedish: sagokonungar, sagokungar, lit. As the story goes, King Gylfi thinks he will be able to sneak into Asgard without anyone knowing who he was, but the gods foresaw his arrival and made the realm appear even more grand than it was in . Neither the place nor the date of his birth is known. The Norwegian parliament offered the vacant throne to Prince Carl of Denmark, who accepted after another plebiscite had confirmed the monarchy. The beginning of the Viking Age is commonly given as 793, when Vikings pillaged the important British island monastery of Lindisfarne, and its end is marked by the unsuccessful invasion of England attempted by Harald Hrdrde in 1066 and the Norman conquest.[13]. Their addition to the saga might thus have been another attempt by Sturluson to undermine royal ideology. The countries had given up their sovereignty but not their independence, and diverging interests (especially Swedish dissatisfaction over the Danish and Holsteinish dominance) gave rise to a conflict that would hamper it from the 1430s until its final dissolution in 1523.[24]. A relatively large number of ethnic Danes from southern Jutland fought in the German army.[32][33]. The legendary kings of Sweden ( Swedish: sagokonungar, sagokungar, lit. After the Roman Empire had disappeared, gold became scarce and Scandinavians began to make objects of gilded bronze, with decorations of interlacing animals in Scandinavian style.

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who was the first king of scandinavia

who was the first king of scandinavia